13119234
Description
Flashcards by J yadonknow, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by J yadonknow
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell cycle | G1,S,G2,M phase |
| What occurs during M phase (2) | 1. Mitosis 2. Cytokinesis |
| Which phases are interphase (3) | G1,G2,S |
| What occurs in G2 of interphase | Chromosomes start to condense |
| What occurs in Prophase (3) | Chromosomes condensed, become visible Centrioles form centrosomes which duplicate Centrosomes begin to move to opposite poles of the cell |
| What do each centrosome act as? | nucleation sites for microtubules that will form the mitotic spindle and an aster |
| Prometaphase 2) | 1) Fragmentation of n. envelope membranes 2)Centrosomes move to complete their migration |
| What does breakdown of nuclear envelope allow? | spindle MT to make contact w/ chromo |
| Where do the spindle MT affix? | to the centromere kinetochore's checkpoint |
| What is the centromere | Area of heterochromatin w/ CEN sequence |
| What are these MT now referred to as? | Kinetochore MT |
| Metaphase 1) | Maximally condensed chromosomes align along metaphase plate |
| Anaphase A | as KC MT shorten, chromosomes pulled centromere first towards the spindle poles |
| Anaphase B | Spindle poles move away from each other as interpolar MT lengthen |
| Telophase (5) | Chromosomes reach pole of cell Decondense Nucleoli develop N. envelope reforms Spindle disassembles |
| Final Chromosome condensation is carried out by | Condensins, a heterodimers that carry out final chromosome condensation |
| MOA of condensation (2) | Loop fastener Orientated gyre |
| What holds chromosomes together? | Cohesins |
| Sets of MT in spindle (3) | Astral MT Kinetochore MT Interpolar MT |
| Astral MT | Bind to PCM, afix spindle |
| What mediates Astral movement? | Dynesin |
| Kitechore MT components | Outer - structural Inner - bind DNA Checkpoint - collar that binds to spindle |
| Interpolar MT | Affix to other MT of the spindle apparatus via protein cross-links |
| Dynesin mediates | Attachment of astral MT to PCM |
| Kinesin-14 function | Tightens spindle |
| Kinesin-5 | Expands spindle |
| Kinesin-4/-10 | Move chromosomes to poles of MT |
| Role of kinetochores | Kinetochores facilitate fastening of DNA to spindle MT as DNA has little <3 for mitotic spindle |
| Kinetochore layers | Checkpoint: Collar - attaches to spindle Outer: Structural Inner: Binds to centromere |
| What orientates the chromosomes? | Kinesis-4/-10 |
| Chromatid separation occurs | During anaphase |
| What separates chromatids and how? | Separase removes cohesins |
| How are chromatids pulled apart? 3) | A) shorten the spindle B) Depolymerisation of kinetochore MT C) KC pulled to pole |
| How is spindle shortened | MT tubulin removed from + and - ends |
| Depolymerisation of KC MT occurs at which end? | + end |
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