13193552
Description
Flashcards by Sophie Wembridge, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophie Wembridge
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Lateralisation | Different areas of the brain have different specific functions |
| Cerebral cortex | outer layer of both hemispheres, around 3mm thick and very developed |
| Where is the Frontal lobe? | |
| Where is the motor area found? | in the back of the frontal lobe (both hemispheres) |
| What does the motor area control and what could damage cause? | Voluntary movements on opposite sides of the body, damage could cause loss to fine movements. |
| Where is the Parietal lobe? | |
| Where is the somatosensory area? | The front of both Parietal lobes |
| What seperates the motor and somatosensory areas? | A valley called the 'Central Sulcus' |
| What happens in the somatosensory area and how? | This is where sensory information is represented. Based on the amount of area in the somatosensory that is devoted to a particular body part denotes it's sensitivity |
| Where is the Occipital lobe? | |
| Where is the visual area found and what does it do? | The occipital lobe. Each eye send information from the right visual field to the left visual cortex and vice versa |
| What can damage to the visual area do? | damage in the left visual cortex could cause in part cause blindness of the right visual field in both eyes and vice versa |
| Where is the Temporal lobe? | |
| Where is the auditory area found and what does it do? | found in the temporal lobes, it analyses speech based information |
| What could happen if damage to the auditory area occurs? | Hearing loss. More severe damage = more severe hearing loss. |
| Where is Wernicke's area found? | In the left Temporal lobe |
| Which side of the brain is language restricted to generally? | The left |
| Where is Broca's area found and in what decade? | In the left frontal lobe in the 1880's |
| What does damage to Broca's area cause? | Broca's aphasia. Characterised by slow, laborious and unfluent speech. |
| What does damage to Wernicke's area cause? | Wernicke's aphasia. Characterised by people who have no problem saying speech but sever problems understanding it, often producing neologisms (nonsense words) in their speech. |
| Brain scan evidence of localisation (Evaluation) | Peterson et al. Wernicke's area = active during listening task. Broca's area = active during reading task Tulving et al. = semantic and episodic memories found in different parts of pre-frontal cortex. |
| Case study evidence for localisation of function (Evaluation) | Phineas Gage: railroad worker 1848, dropped his tamping iron onto rock causing explosion, sent the pole through his left cheek behind his left eye taking most of his frontal lobe. He survived but was now quick-tempered, rude and no longer himself |
| What did the Phineas Gage case study suggest the frontal lobe was responsible for? | Mood |
| What do brain scans mean for localisation? | Multiple ways to measure and provide evidence for localisation |
| Neurosurgical evidence and real life application of neurosurgery into localisation (Evaluation) | 1950's Walter Freeman - lobotomy, imprecisely severed connections in frontal lobe to control aggressive behaviour. Can still be used in severe OCD and depression e.g. Dougherty (2002) reports 44 OCD patients who had cingulotomy (lesion of cingulate gyrus). After 32 weeks, a third met 'successful response' criteria and 14% partial response. Strongly suggests localisation of mental disorders. |
| In Dougherty's study into neurosurgery, how long after did he catch up with them and how many met 'successful criteria'? | After 32 weeks, a third met the 'success criteria' |
| In Dougherty's study into neurosurgery, what percentage had a partial response? | 14% |
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