Flashcards
Microbiology Chapter: 17
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1What decides immunity?Genes because they build receptors on cells
- 2What are the 3 main lines of defense?-External physical barriers
-Protective cells
-Adaptive immunity - 3What are the two major layers of skin?Epidermis and dermis
- 4EpidermisPathogens can penetrate these layers
-sheds dead skin cells to remove microorganisms
-Epidermal dendritic cells phagocytize pathogens - 5Dermis-Collagen fibers help skin resist abrasions that could introduce microorganisms
- 6What chemicals on the skin defend against pathogens-Antimicrobial peptides secreted by dermal cells
-Perspiration
-Salts
-Lysozyme
-Sebum - 7What do mucous membranes cover?tracts that have entrances to the outside world
- 8Lacrimal apparatus-produces and drains tears
-Blinking spreads tears and washes surface of the eye
-Lysozyme in tears destroys bacteria - 9Microbial antagonismNormal microbiota compete with potential pathogens
- 10What actions make it hard for new microbes to survive on the body?-consume nutrients
-create an environment unfavorable to other microorganisms
-Help stimulate they body's second line of defense
-Promote overall health by providing vitamins to the host - 11Antimicrobial peptides-present in skin, mucous membranes, neutrophils
-Act against a variety of microbes - 12Why is scalded skin syndrome dangerous?it opens up innate defenses to disease and infection
- 13PlasmaMostly water containing electrolytes, dissolved gases, nutrients, and proteins
- 14SerumThe fluid remaining when clotting factors are removed
- 15Leukocytes-Involved in defending the body against invaders
-Granulocytes or agranulocytes - 16What is the main job of erythrocytes?Transport gases
- 17What is the job of platelets?-Clotting
-Inflammation in innate immunity
-2nd line of defense - 18Basophil-Inflammation
-2nd line of defense
-Granulocyte
-Leukocyte
-Have disconnected libes
-0%
-Stain blue - 19Neutrophils-Phagocytes
-Leukocytes
-Granulocyte
-60%
-2nd line of defense
-Innate immunity
-has 3 lobes
- stain lilac
-Capable of diapedisis
-bacterial disease - 20Eosinophils-Phagocytes
-Innate immunity
-2nd line of defense
-Leukocytes
-Granulocytes
-2 lobes
-2%
-stain red/orange
-Capable of diapedisis
-Allergies/ parasitic worms - 21Monocyte-Phagocyte
-Innate immunity
-Leukocyte
-8%
-Leave blood to turn into macrophages - 22Lympocytes-Adaptive immunity
-leukocytes
-30%
-Natural killers
-Viral infection - 23Granulocytes-Defensive WBCs
-COntain large granules that stain different colors
-Basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils - 24Agranulocytes-Cytoplasm stains in a uniform color under a microscope
--Lymphocytes and monocytes - 25How can labs use WBCs to discover disease?-A differential WBC count with increased numbers of WBCs can indicate disease
- 26How do neutrophils kill?-Destroy microbes without phagocytosis
-Produce chemicals that can kill invades
-Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) bind and kill bacteria - 27Toll Like receptors (TLRs)-Integral membrane proteins produced by phagocytic cells
-Bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
-Initiates defense responses such as:
*Apoptosis
*Secretion of inflammatory mediates
*Stimulate adaptive immune responses - 28NOD proteins-Cytosolic proteins that bind PAMPs
-Trigger inflammation, apoptosis, and other innate responses
-Still being researched
-Mutations in NOD genes seem connected to inflammatory bowel diseases - 29Infernos-Protein molecules released by host cells to nonspecifically inhibit the spread of viral infections
-Cause many symptoms associated with viral infections
-2 types: Type 1 (Alpha & Beta) and Type 2 (Gamma) - 30Complements-Set of serum proteins designated numerically according to their order of discovery
-Compliment activation results in lysis of the foreign cell
-Indirectly triggers inflammation and fever
-3 methods of activation:
*Classical
*Alternative
*Lectin - 31Classical pathwayAntigen- antibody
- 32Alternative pathwayBinds to another complement/protein
- 33Lectin PathwayTriggered by binding of sugars
- 34Inflammation-Nonspecific response to tissue damage from various causes
-Characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain
-Can be acute or chronic - 35Accute inflammation-Develops quickly
-Beneficial typically
-Important in the second line of defense
-Causes dialation of blood vessels which allows more phagocytes to enter the area and clean it up - 36Chronic inflammation-Long lasting
-Damage to tissues can cause disease
-Dilates and increases permeability of blood vessels
-Initial response to injury or invasion of pathogens
-signs/symptoms of antihistamines or antiprostigladin - 37How do phagocytes migrate to the proper location?-Increased blood flow delivers leukocytes to site of damage
- 38In what order to phagocytic leukocytes arrive-Neutrophils first
-Monocytes next - 39What is the final stage of inflammation?Tissue repair
- 40Fever-Body temp over 37C
-Begins when pyrogens trigger the hypothalamus to increase the body's temp
-Continues as long as pyrogens are present - 41What are the different types of pyrogens?-bacterial toxins
-Cytoplasmic contents of bacteria are released by lysis
-Antibody-antigen complexes
-Pyrogens released by phagocytes have eaten bacteria - 42What is the outcome of fever?-Enhances effects of interferons
-Inhibits growth of some microbes
-May enhance the activites of phagocytes, cells of specific immunity, and the places of tissue repair - 43—
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- Micriobiology Flashcards on Microbiology Chapter: 17, created by Hannah Fisher on 11/04/2018.
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- Hannah Fisher
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