Flashcards
NEUR3018 - L9.
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1Hippocampus locationlocated under the cerebral cortex, in the medial temproal lobe
- 2Memory definitionfaculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved
- 3Why is memory important? (Eysenck, 2012)vital to experiences, without remembering past events we could not learn / develop language, relationships, personal identitiy
- 4Amnesia definitionthe profound loss of memories, in the presence of relatively preserved cognitive abilities
- 5Types of amnesia1. psychogenic: results from psychological factors
2. organic: results from damage to the brain through physical injury - 6Anterograde amnesia definitionthe inability to form new memories
- 7Retrograde amnesiaThe lost of pre-exisitng memories to conscious recollection beyond an ordinary degree of forgetfulness
- 8Hippocampal amnesiadamage to the medial temproal lobe
- 9Patient HM- had bilateral medial temproal lobectomy to treat his epilepsy
- reduction in epilepsy but heavy anterograde amnesia and temporally graded retrograde amnesia - 10What is preserved in hippocampal patients?- short term memory: tested by digit span
- procedural memory: tested by mirror drawing
- general cognitive memory: tested by the Wisconsin Crad Sorting Test - 11The taxonomy of Memory- long term memory: explicit and implicit memory
- explicit memory: semantic and episodic memory
- implicit memory: priming, classical conditioning, procedural skills, non-associative learning - 12Explicit memory in the brainmedial temporal lobe
- 13Implicit memory in the brain- non-associative learning: reflexes
- classical conditioning: emotional - amygdala, skeletal - cerebellum
- priming: neocortex
- procedural skills - striatum - 14the standard consolidation theory- by Squire and Alvarez (1995)
-the hippocampus is believed to rapidly integrate and bind together information transmitted from distributed cortical networks that support the various features of a whole experience in order to form a coherent memory trace
-as memories mature, the role of the hippocampus would gradually diminish, leaving extrahippocampal regions, presumably cortical areas, to become independently capable of sustaining memories and mediate retrieval - 15problem with the standard consolidation theory- individuals growing up with hippocampal damage have normal semantic knowledge, only impairment in episodic memory
- patient FRF had reserved semantic memory, but severe retrograde autobiographical amnesia - 16revised taxonomysemantic memory: independent of hippocampus
- 17Squire & Bayley (2007)graded retrograde amnesia is regularly reported in hippocamapl patients
- 18Cipolotti et al (2001)patient V.C.
had amensia for very remote memories - 19Steinvorth et al (2005)assessed remote autobiographical memories in HM and WR
- semantic memories without hippocampus are not rich in detail - 20The Multiple Trace Theory- proposed by Nadel and Moscovitch (1997)
- every remembering: a new trace
- older memories: become semanticised
- the hippocampus retains a permanent role in memory storage and retrieval as long as memories exist - 21Gilboa et al (2004)- fMRI study using family photographs
- hippocampal activation is related to the vividness rather than the age of memory
- support the multiple trace theory - 22O'Keefe & Nadel (1978)proposed that hippocampus stores cognitive maps
- 23Martin et al (2005)- hippocampus play a long-lasting role in spatial memory
- examined retrograde memory in rats (partial / complete) - 24Maguire et al (2006)- patient TT: taxi driver in London
- remembered and navugated good in major roads
- impaired navigation when minor roads used
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- NEUR3018 Flashcards on NEUR3018 - L9., created by Zsofi Dombi on 12/04/2018.
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