Flashcards
PSYC2206 - Smoking
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1OutlineI. Smoking definition and trends
II. Effects of smoking and benefits of quitting
III. Smoking as an addiciton
IV. Quitting
V. Conclusion - 2Smoking definitionThe practice in which a substance is burned and the smoke is breathed in, in order to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream
- 3Smoking trends- more common among men than women (except Denmark)
- decrease in prevalence in the UK, however increase in Germany
- BUT still the single largest cause of deaths and the biggest health problem - 4Effects of smoking- associated with many conditions / disorders / diseases
- proportional: cancer
- disproportional: coronary heart disease
- other conditions: pulmonary disease, heart disease, diabetes, dementia, asthma, - 5Benefits of quitting1. Pirie et al (2013)
2. Doll et al (2004) - 6Pirie et al (2013)- 1.3 million UK women average age 55
- both smokers and non-smokers
- 2/3 of deaths caused by smoking in the 50/60/70s
- 10 year difference in life expectancy
- if quits before 40, 90% of mortality can be avoided - 7Doll et al (2004)- 13500 British male doctors
- lifelong non-smokers: 10 years more life expectancy
- smoking associated disorders: vascular and respiratory diseases - 8AddictionCompulsive, excessive, difficult-to-control subtsance use.
- 9Physical dependenceA physiological need for a drug, that reveals itself through unpleasant withdrawal symptoms if the use is stopped.
In smoking the withdrawal symptoms are: aggression, depression, constipation, weight gain. - 10The route of nicotineNicotione -» Pulmonary circulation -» blood -» BBB -» brain -» VTA nicotinic acetilcholine receptors -» dopamine release -» activation of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway -» increased dopamine release in Nucleus Accumbens -» alteration of mGLuR5.
- 11Smoking as an operational learning1. Positive reinforcement - smoking is rewarded
2. Negative reinforcement - abstinance is punished. - 12Removal of nicotione from the body- nicotine is removed in about 120 minutes from the body by metabolisation
- withdrawal symptoms after short time
- smoking causes allievation of symptoms. - 13Smoking cessation1. Chances are equal to the chance of throwing two 6s with the dice
2. The previous trials to quit do not affect the future ones. - 14The main factors determining the success of quitting1. Physiological urge - can be controlled via pharmacological drugs such as (NRT or varenicline)
2. Resolve - can be controlled via psychological interventions - 15Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)- medically approved way to take nicotine
- increases the chance of quitting by 50-70%
- side effect: increased risk of heart attack - 16Varenicline- drug designed to block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (high-affinity partial agonist)
- release of dopamine - reduces craving
- decreases the pleasurable effects f cigarettes - 17Wu et al (2015)comparison of the effcitveness of the different pharamcological and psychological treatments
- pharmacological: NRT and varenicline- assisted reduction to achieve cessation among smokers without and intention to quit
- psychological: group face-to-face and individual face-to-face the best. - 18Conclusion- smoking prevalence is slowly reducing, now about 18% in the UK
- main causes of death from smoking: lung cancer, heart disease
- primary cause of addicition: the nicotne's effect as positive and negative reinforcer
- successful stopping: repeatdly trying and using the combination of pharmacological and psychological methods (varenicline and dual form NRT together with support from trained professional)
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- PSYC2206 Flashcards on PSYC2206 - Smoking , created by Zsofi Dombi on 19/04/2018.
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- Zsofi Dombi
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