Flashcards
Spoken Language_2
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1interactional languagethe language of informal speech;
it has a social function - its purpose is to develop relationships between speakers - 2referential languageprovides the listener with information;
used to refer to objects or to abstract concepts;
the speaker assumes knowledge from the listener and the listener has to understand the context before they can make sense of the references (e.g. the parcel is being delivered at two o'clock) - 3expressive languagehighlights the speaker's emotions, feelings and attitudes; shows the speaker's judgements or feelings about another person, event or situation.
- 4transactional languagethis is about getting information or making a deal, e.g. buying or selling
- 5phatic languagelanguage used for social purposes rather than to convey serious meaning; e.g. when someone comments about the weather as a means of initiating a conversation
- 61. worked out in advance 2. designed for specific audience and purpose 3. needs to be well written 4. performed or delivered to try and make an impact 5. needs to maintain the interest of listeners 6. examples include political speeches and sermonsfeatures of prepared speech
- 71. not prepared or written down beforehand 2. delivered on the spot as soon as, or shortly after, the idea comes to the speaker 3. usually informal (depending on context) 4. usually shared with people known to the speaker 5. mainly in response to another speakerfeatures of spontaneous speech
- 8ellipsiswhere part of a grammatical structure is omitted without affecting understanding; e.g. (Are) You going to come round later?
It makes the tone more casual - 9phatic expressionsThese play a key role in spontaneous speech, especially when initiating a conversation.
The comments have no great meaning or interest in themselves, but are designed to help conversations get started, keep going or finish. - 10false startsThese occur regularly in conversation. The speaker changes their train of thought halfway through, and begins the utterance again.
- 11back-channellingused to feed back to a speaker that what they're saying is being understood, e.g. I see. You can also give feedback non-verbally
- 12deictic expressionspointers that refer the listener backwards, forwards or outside a text. Most common are words such as this, that, here and there. You can't understand them unless you know their context.
- 13non-fluency featuresdevices that interrupt the flow of talk: hesitation or repetition, fillers such as 'um' or 'er', interruptions and overlaps
- 14elisionthe slurring together of sounds or syllables, e.g. gonna rather than going to - this saves time and is less formal
- 15hedgingshows uncertainty in a conversation - words like perhaps or maybe are used to weaken the force of what you're saying
- 16openings responses adjacency pairs signalling closuresome features of all conversations
- 17topic shiftschange of subject; it can be one of the features of domineering speakers when they try to control the content and direction of a conversation
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- Flashcards on Spoken Language_2, created by denesal on 24/09/2014.
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- denesal
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- Created by Jenny Kavanagh · Sep 24, 2014
- Copied by denesal · Sep 24, 2014
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