Flashcards
Head and Neck Pt. 2
Cards in this deck (110)
- 1Types of papillafoliate, filiform, fungiform, circumvallate
- 2where are the valate papilla locatedanterior to the terminal sulcus in V shape
8-12 - 3where are the foliate papilla locatedlaterally
- 4Ventral surface of tongueconnected to floor of mouth by lingual frenulum
on each side of frenulum, deep lingual vein is visible
sublingual caruncle is present on either side of frenulum (opening of submandibular duct) - 5general sensory innervation of tongueanterior 2/3 --> lingual (V3)
posterior 1/3 --> glossopharyngeal - 6special sensory innervation of tongueant. 2/3 --> chorda tympani (CN7)
post. 1/3 --> glossopharyngeal
root --> internal laryngeal (CN10) - 7arterial supply of tonguederived from lingual artery
dorsal lingual --> root of tongue
deep lingual --> body of tongue - 8venous drainage of tonguedeep and dorsal lingual veins join
then join sublingual and drain into IJV - 9what innervates the serous glands of the tonguebranches from internal laryngeal nerve (CN10)
- 10where is the submandibular gland located?in the submandibular fossa of the mandible
in submandibular triangle between ant. digastric and post. digastric - 11what is the course and where is the opening of the submandibular ductruns from lateral to medial
opens into one to 3 orifices on a sublingual papilla on the base of the lingual frenulum - 12what is the arterial supply of the submandibular glandsubmental artery
- 13innervation of submandibular and sublingual glandssupplied by presynaptic parasympathetic fibres by chords tympani
synapse in submandibular ganglion - 14where are the sublingual glands located? what is the basic structurein the floor of the mouth between the mandible and genioglossus
both glands will join to form a horseshoe shaped mass around the core of the frenulum - 15arterial supply of sublingual glandsublingual and submental arteries
- 16what is the blood supply of the nasal cavityanastomoses between:
anterior and posterior ethmoidal
sphenopalatine
greater palatine
septal branches from superior labial - 17blood supply of external noseanterior ethmoidal
septal branches from superior labial
nasal branches of infraorbital
lateral nasal (facial) - 18what is the venous drainage of the external nosevia angular and lateral nasal into facial vein
- 19what is the nerve supply of the nasal septumpostero-inferior: nasopalatine
antero-superior: anterior and posterior ethmoidal - 20nerve supply of lateral wall of nasal septumpostero-inferior: posterior superior lateral nasal, inferior lateral nasal (branches of greater palatine)
antero-supeior: anterior and posterior ethmoidal - 21nerve supply of external noseinfratrochlear and external nasal (nasociliary)
- 22venous drainage of internal nosesphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins
- 23what is the innervation of auricle?medial side and posterior lateral side: great auricular (C2, C3)
anterior to EAM: auriculotemporal - 24what are the components of the external ear?auricle, EAM
- 25what is the innervation of the tympanic membrane?lateral: auriculotemporal
medial: glossopharyngeal - 26describe the structure of the tympanic membraneconcavity facing the external acoustic meatus with central depression called umbo
between the inner and middle ear
malleus is embedded on medial side
region above the lateral process of malleus is pars flaccida
all other regions contain radial and circular fibres and is called pars tensa - 27what is the MAIN component of the middle ear?air
- 28what are the components of the tympanic cavityauditory ossicles, chorda tympani, stapedius, tensor tympani, tympanic plexus
- 29what is the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity?carotid wall; separated from the internal carotid artery
contains opening for pharyngotympanic tube + canal for tensor tympani muscle - 30describe the course and structure of the pharyngotympanic tube? arterial and nerve supplyruns anteromedially from the ant. wall of tympanic plexus to the lateral wall of nasopharynx
is opened by levator and tensor veli palatini muscles
receives arterial supply from ascending pharyngeal, middle menigneal, and artery of pterygoid
receives nerve supply from tympanic plexus and branches from pteygo. ganglion - 31what is a branch of the middle meningeal artery?superior tympanic artery (supplies the tensor tympani)
- 32describe the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity"mastoid wall"
contains the adieus to the mastoid antrum which communicated with the mastoid cells
contains the pyramidal eminence inferior containing the stapedius muscle
the facial canal runs medial to the adieus - 33describe the floor of the tympanic cavityalso called jugular floor
separated by the internal jugular vein - 34describe roof of tympanic cavityformed by tegmen tympani
separated from ACF - 35describe medial wall of tympanic cavitycontains promontory formed by cochlea; on prom. is tympanic plexus
round and oval windows posteriorly
promontory of facial canal and lateral semicircular duct - 36describe the structure of malleushead, neck, and handle
head is within epitympanic recess
neck is on flacid part of membrane
handle is attached to membrane
between head and neck are a lateral and anterior process
anterior process is attached to petrotympanic fissure by ligaments
head articulates with head of incus - 37describe the structure of incushas a head which articulates with head of malleus
long limb which runs parallel to handle of malleus and has a medial lenticular process which articulates with head of stapes
short limb which is attached to posterior wall by ligament - 38describe the structure of stapeshas head, two limbs and base
base is attached to oval foramen by angular ligament
stapedius muscle attaches to neck of stapes - 39describe function of stapes. innervation and attachmentpulls stapes posteriorly to tighten angular ligament and reduce amplitude of oscillations
facial nerve
pyramidal eminence to neck of stapes - 40what are the components of the inner earmembranous and bony labyrinth
- 41what is the bony labyrintha series of canal within the petrous temporal bone filled with perilymph
the surrounding bone is called the otic capsule
consists of cochlear, vestibule, and 3 semicircular canals - 42describe the cochleaspiral shaped canal (2.5 turns) around a central core called the modulus
modulus points anterior, inferiorly and laterally
basal turn forms promontory
basal turn contains round window and opening for cochlear aqueduct - 43what does the cochlear aqueduct form communication betweencochlea and subarachnoid space superior to the jugular foramen
- 44describe the structure of the vestibuleoval shaped canal which contains the utricle and saccule
contains oval window on lateral side
communicates with dura of posterior cranial fossa by vestibular aqueduct - 45what is the vestibular aqueductforms comm. between vestibule and posterior cranial fossa
conveys endolymphatic duct and blood vessels - 46describe semicircular ducts3 ducts: anterior, posterior and lateral all at 90 degree angles to one another
open into vestibule by 5 openings
posterosuperior to vestibule
contain swelling called bony ampulla
contains semicircular ducts inside - 47cochlear duct- suspended within cochlea by spiral ligaments formed by the periosteum and osseous spiral lamina of the modulus
- separates the cochlea into two canals: scala vestibuli and scala tympani which comm. at helicotrema at apex of cochlea
- roof formed by vestibular membrane
- floor formed by basilar membrane which contains the spiral organ; covered by tectorial membrane - 48how does the cochlear duct communicate with the sacculevia the ductus reuniens
- 49how does the utricle comm. with the sacculevia the utriculosaccular duct which is where the endolymphatic duct arises
- 50what is the structure of the utricle and sacculecontain specialized sensory epithelium called macula which contain hair cells an is innervated by the vestibular division of CN8
responsible for linear acceleration - 51what is the endolymphatic ducttraverses vestibular aqueduct and joins the endolyphatic sac in the posterior surface of petrous temporal bone; reservoir for excess endolymph
- 52semicircular ductscommunicate with utricle by 5 openings
contain ampulla with sensory area called crest of ampulla which is innervated by vestibular division
responsible for sense of rotational acceleration - 53what passes through the IAMfacial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, labyrinthine artery
- 54where is the IAM locatedposterior surface petrous temporal bone
- 55what is the level of the thyroid gland?C5-T1
- 56describe the structure of the thyroid glandright and left lobes joined anteriorly by an isthmus
on left side there is usually a smaller left lobe
surrounded by fibrous capsule which sends septa into the gland
attached to the cricoid and superior tracheal rings by dense conn. tissue - 57what are the arteries of the thyroid glandsuperior thyroid (from ECA)
inferior thyroid (from subclavian) - 58venous drainage of thyroid glandsuperior and middle thyroid veins (drain into IJV)
inferior thyroid vein (drains into brachiocephalic) - 59nerves of thyroid glandcardiac, superior, and inferior thyroid periarterial plexus derived from S, M, and I cervical ganglia
vasomotor rather than secretomotor - 60where are the parathyroid glands located?external to thyroid capsule on the medial half of the posterior surface of each lobe
- 61how many parathyroid glands are thereusually 2 superior and 2 inferior
- 62blood supply to parathyroid glandsinferior thyroid arteries
- 63nerves of parathyroid glandsderived from thyroid branches of cervical ganglia
vasomotor - 64what level is the larynx located?C3-C6
- 65function of the larynx? (structural)to connect the pharynx to the trachea
- 66what level does the thyroid cartilage lie?superior border C4
- 67Intrinsic ligaments of larynxcricothyroid , quadrangular membrane, thyroepiglottic
- 68Extrinsic ligaments of larynxthyrohyoid, hyoepiglottic, cricotracheal
- 69what is the function of the cricothyroid membranesuperior free margin forms the vocal ligament
lateral cricothyroid ligament extends laterally from the vocal ligaments to sup. border cricoid
forms conus elasticus
= "true" vocal cords - 70what is between the vocal ligamentsrima glottidis
- 71what is the function of the quadrangular membranelateral surface of epiglottis to arytenoid
anteriorly will also attach to thyroid cartilage above the vocal ligament
free lower margin will form the vestibular ligament
= "false" vocal cords - 72what is the structure and function of the arytenoid cartilage?3 sides pyramidal cartilage
base articulates with lateral parts of sup. cricoid cartilage
have muscular (lateral) process and vocal (anterior) process
apex bears corniulate cartilage - 73where is the corniculate cartilage locatedin the aryepiglottic fold
on the arytenoid cartilage - 74where is the epiglottis attachedangle formed by the laminae of the thyroid cartilage
- 75cricothyroid joint + movementinferior horns of thyroid cartilage articulate with lateral sides of cricoid cartilage
supported by cicothyroid membrane
rotation and gliding - 76where does the quadrangular membrane attachfrom lateral epiglottis to arytenoid
forms the vestibular ligament - 77what are the 4 parts of the laryngeal cavitylaryngeal vestibule, central cavity, laryngeal ventricle, infraglottic cavity
- 78what is the blood supply to the larynxsuperior laryngeal, cricothyroid artery (SUP. THYROID)
inferior laryngeal (INF. THYROID) - 79what nerve does the superior laryngeal artery accompany? where does it pierce?internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
pierces the thyrohyoid membrane - 80what is the innervation of the larynx?Superior: superior laryngeal nerve from inferior vagal ganglion
- divides into internal and external branches
- internal = sensory
- external = motor to cricothyroid
Inferior: inferior laryngeal nerve continuation of recurrent laryngeal
- supplies sensory to infraglottic (ant. branch) and motor to rest of muscles (post.) - 81where does the S. laryngeal nerve arise from?inferior vagal ganglion
- 82what branch arises from the inferior vagal ganglionsuperior laryngeal
- 83what is the terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerveinferior laryngeal nerve
- 84contents of nasopharynxopening of pharyngotympanic tube
salpingopharyngeal fold
pharyngeal recess
tubal tonsils around pharyngotym. tube
pharyngeal tonsils posterior and sup. - 85communication of nasopharynxcommunicates with nasal cavity via choanae
- 86boundaries of nasopharynxextends from cranial base to soft palate
posterior and superior part lies on sphenoid and basilar part of occipital - 87boundaries of oropharynxsup: soft palate
inf: base of tongue
lat: paaltoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
extends from soft palate to superior border of epiglottis - 88contents of oropharynxpalatine tonsils between palatine arches
- 89what forms the tonsillar bedsuperior pharyngeal constrictor and pharyngobasilar fascia
- 90boundaries of laryngopharynxposterior to larynx
superior border of epiglottis to inf. border cricoid cartilage
C4-C6 - 91in what level does the laryngopharynx lieC4-C6
- 92communication of laryngopharynxcommunicates with larynx via the laryngeal inlet anteriorly
- 93what is lateral to the laryngeal inletaryepiglottis folds then piriform fossa
- 94what nerves are located within the piriform fossarecurrent laryngeal and internal laryngeal
- 95what is the basic structure of pharyngeal musclesouter circular (constrictors)
inner longitudinal - 96what is the internal lining of the pharyngeal constrictorspharyngobasilar fascia
- 97what is the external lining of the pharyngeal constrictorsbuccopharyngeal fascia
which continues inferiorly with pre tracheal layer of deep cervical fascia - 98innervation of pharynxpharyngeal plexus
- branches from vagus (motor), glossopharyngeal (mixed), laryngopharyngeal from SCG (symp.) - 99where is the frontal sinus locatedposterior to the superciliary arches and root of nose
- 100where does the frontal sinus draininto the middle nasal meatus
via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus - 101what innervates the mucosa of the frontal sinussupraorbital n.
- 102where are the ethmoidal cellsethmoid bone between the nasal cavity and the orbit
- 103where do the ethmoidal cells drainanterior and middle: middle meatus
posterior: superior meatus
*anterior into semilunar hiatus - 104what innervates the mucosa of the ethmoidal cellsant. and post. ethmoidal nerves
- 105where are the sphenoidal sinusesbody of the sphenoid
- 106where do the sphenoidal sinuses draininto the sphene-ethmoidal recess posterosuperior to the superior nasal concha
- 107what innervates the mucosa of the sphenoidal sinusposterior ethmoidal n.
- 108where are the maxillary sinuses and what are the boundariesbody of the maxillae
apex: toward zygomatic
base: inf. part of lateral wall of nasal cavity
roof: floor of orbit
floor: alveolar part of maxilla - 109where does the maxillary sinus drainmiddle nasal meatus into semilunar hiatus
- 110what innervates the maxillary sinussuperior alveolar nerves
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- Flashcards on Head and Neck Pt. 2, created by Emilia Mijatovic on 01/05/2018.
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