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Flashcards

Psychology-Memory

Morgan Davenport English 75 cards

Psychology-Memory

Cards in this deck (75)

  1. 1Who conducted studies into coding in LTM and STM?Baddeley
  2. 2What was Baddeley's procedureAcoustically similar words e.g Cat, Cab
    Semantically similar words e.g big, large
  3. 3What did Baddeley find?Acoustic had worse immediate recall- STM is acoustic
    Semantic worse after 20 minutes- LTM is semantic
  4. 4Who conducted research into STM capacity?Jacobs+ Miller
  5. 5What was Jacobs' procedure?Digit span- Say four digits and increase until inaccurate recall
  6. 6What did Jacobs' find?9.3 Numbers
    7.3 Letters
  7. 7What was Miller's procedure?Observations of everyday practices- Common occurrences of 7 e.g days, deadly sins
  8. 8What did Miller find?STM is 7+-2 but can be improved by chunking
  9. 9What is chunking?Grouping sets of digits/letters
  10. 10Who conducted research into STM duration?Peterson+Peterson
  11. 11What was P+P's procedure?Gave students a consonant syllable (e.g YCG) and 3 digit number to count backwards from
  12. 12What did P+P find?80% correct recall with 3 second interval
    Average recall after 18 second= 3%
    Duration is roughly 18-30s
  13. 13Who conducted research into duration of LTM?Bahrick
  14. 14What was Bahrick's procedure?Recognition test from photos of a yearbook
    Free recall of names of people in their class
  15. 15What did Bahrick find?Ppts tested after 48 years- 70% accurate in photo recognition
    Free recall was less accurate
  16. 16Limitation of Baddeley's study?Not meaningful material- Words had no meaning- Semantic coding often used for STM tasks- Difficulty generalising
  17. 17Limitation of Jacobs' study?Lack of control- extraneous variables- distraction- confounded results- However findings have been supported by other research- increased validity
  18. 18Limitation of Miller's research?Overestimated STM capacity- Cowan reviewed other research- concluded real capacity is 4 chunks- lower end of 7+-2 more accurate
  19. 19Limitation of P+P research?Artificial- Not real life- lacks external validity- However we do remember meaningless things e.g phone numbers
  20. 20Strength of Bahrick's study?High external validity- Real life task- meaningless tasks showed lower recall- However lack of control of confounding variables e.g rehearsal of memories
  21. 21Who developed the MSM?Atkinson and Shiffrin
  22. 22What does the MSM look like?What does the MSM look like?
  23. 23What is the duration of the sensory register?Less than half a second
  24. 24What is the capacity of the sensory register?High (e.g millions of receptor cells)
  25. 25What is the coding for the sensory register?Dependent on sense
  26. 26How does information move from the sensory register --> STM?Paying attention
  27. 27What is the duration of the STM?18-30 seconds
  28. 28What is the capacity of the STM?Between 5-9 items
  29. 29What is the coding for the STM?Acoustic
  30. 30How does information move from the STM to LTM?Maintenance rehearsal
  31. 31How does information move back from LTM --> STM when required?Retrieval
  32. 32What is the duration of LTM?Potentially a lifetime
  33. 33What is the capacity of the LTM?Potentially unlimited
  34. 34How is the LTM coded?Semantically
  35. 35What is a strength of the MSM?Baddeley's research- Mix up different types of words in LTM and STM respectively- Shows different coding- Supports MSMs view of independent stores
  36. 36Limitation 1 of MSM?Artificial research- Meaningless digits, words etc- real life we use more meaningful information- MSM lacks external validity
  37. 37Limitation 2 of MSM?Oversimplifies LTM- Evidence that LTM is not a unitary store- Semantic, episodic- MSM limited as it doesn't reflect this
  38. 38Limitation 3 of MSM?More than one type of STM- KF- Digit recall better when read rather than told to him- Suggests more than one store for different types of information- WMM more accurate
  39. 39What are the three types of LTM?Episodic, semantic and procedural
  40. 40What is episodic memory?Storage of "episodes" of our lives
  41. 41Features of episodic memories?- Time-stamped
    -Complex
    -Conscious recall
  42. 42What are Semantic memories?Memories of our knowledge of the world
  43. 43What are procedural memories?Memories of actions and skills
  44. 44What is a strength of episodic memory?Case study evidence- HM+ Clive wearing difficulty in recalling past- Semantic memories were intact- Different stores in LTM
  45. 45Strength of types of long-term memory?Brain scans- Tulving conducted PET scans- episodic and semantic memories in prefrontal cortex (left and right)- Improves validity
  46. 46Limitation 1 of types of LTM?Issue with clinical evidence- HM and Clive Wearing- Lack of control- difficult to generalise
  47. 47Limitation 2 of types of LTM?Tulving may only identify two types- Cohen and Squire- argue episodic and semantic are in one store (declarative memory)- different to procedural- requires us to differentiate in order to further study
  48. 48Who developed the WMM?Baddeley and Hitch
  49. 49What is the WMM a model of?The STM
  50. 50What does the WMM look like?What does the WMM look like?
  51. 51What does the CE do?Allocates slave systems to roles
  52. 52What is the capacity of the CE?Limited
  53. 53What is the Phonological loop comprised of?Phonological store and articulatory loop/process
  54. 54What information does the PL deal with?Auditory
  55. 55What does the phonological store do?Stores words that we hear
  56. 56What does the articulatory process do?Allows maintenance rehearsal
  57. 57What does the VSS do?Stores visual and spatial information
  58. 58How did Logie divide the VSS?Visual cache and inner scribe
  59. 59What does the visual cache do?Stores visual data
  60. 60What does the inner scribe do?Records arrangement of objects in visual field
  61. 61When was the EB added?2000
  62. 62What sort of information is processed in the EB?Visual, spatial and verbal
  63. 63What does the EB do?Maintains sense of time sequencing
  64. 64How does KF support the WMM?Separate STM stores- Process visual info but not verbal- PL damaged- suggests different stores- However- evidence from brain damaged patients unreliable as they are unique
  65. 65How do dual task performance studies support the VSS?Baddeley- ppts had more difficulty doing two visual tasks at once- competing for the same resources- supports the VSS unlike MSM
  66. 66What is a limitation of the CE?Lack of clarity- Doesn't explain anything- may consist of more components- WMM not fully explained
  67. 67How do brain scans support the WMM?Braver- Tasks involving CE while being scanned- Area increased in pre frontal cortex with difficulty- Supports the CE as a physical location in brain
  68. 68What is interference an explanation for?Forgetting
  69. 69What is interference?Conflict of two pieces of information
  70. 70What is proactive interference?Older memory disrupts new ones
  71. 71What is retroactive interference?Happens when a new memory disrupts an old one
  72. 72When is interference worse?When memories are similar
  73. 73Why does similarity increase interference?PI- Old information cannot be removed
    RI- New info overwrites old information
  74. 74Who conducted research into interference?McGeoch and McDonald
  75. 75—

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Flashcards on Psychology-Memory, created by Morgan Davenport on 04/05/2018.
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