Flashcards
Population and Settlement
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1How is global population changing?The global population is increasing all the time, getting faster and faster.
- 2Why is global population changing?The global population is increasing because the birth rate is higher than the death rate, more people being born than dying, so the population grows.
- 3How has birth and death rates changed over time?(Demographic transition model)
Stage 1 - Growth rate 0
Stage 2 - High birth rate, death rate dropped
Stage 3 - Birth rate decrease slowly, still above death rate
Stage 4 - Low and Fluctuating
Stage 5 - Slowly falling, low and steady - 4Why has birth and death rates changed over time?Birth rate i high because families in developing countries need a lot of children. Death rate is also high because there is very little health care.
Death rate begins to fall when health care is introduced but birth rate remains high.
Both are falling, contraception and education, with healthcare. - 5—Stage 1 High Fluctuating A very wide base and a very narrow top representing few old people. The profile is CONCAVE
- 6—Stage 2 Early expanding
Pyramidal in shape, with a wide base and few people surviving to old age
- 7—Stage 3 Late expanding
The top of the pyramid is pyramidal, but the base starts to even out as birth rate starts to stabilise
- 8—Stage 4 Low fluctuating Straight sided with people living to an old age
- 9—Stage 5 natural decrease
Base narrows showing declining birth rate, many people live to an old age
- 10Is there a relationship between the population structure and the level of economic development of a country?Yes, stage 5, where there is fewer younger people than older, this is a very developed country (Germany)
- 11Are some countries over populated?Yes, caused by rapid population growth. LEDC's (such as Gambia) that are in stage 2/3 of the DTM. High Birth rate and a falling death rate causing high population growth - too many people for the amount of resources.
- 12What are the effects of overpopulation on people and the environment?Social
Services like healthcare and education can't cope with the large number of people.
Children have to work to help support their families
Not enough housing for everyone. - 13What are the effects of overpopulation on people and the environment?Economic
There isn't enough jobs for the number of people in the country so unemployment increases.
There is increased poverty because more people are born into families that are already poor. - 14What are the effects of overpopulation on people and the environment?Environmental
Increased waste and pollution, e.g. more cars will release more green house gases, and more waste will need to go to landfill sites. - 15What are the causes of slow, zero or negative population growth?Stage 4/ 5 of the DTM
People have had education, contraception is available, the birth rate is low and death rate is either equal, very slightly below or even above. - 16What effects do these rates have on people and the environment?The opposite to before
- 17What is migration?Migration is the movement of people from one area to another area.
- 18Why do people migrate?Refugees and Economic Migrants
Refugees - Forced to leave their country, war, persecution or natural disaster.
Economic Migrants - Move voluntarily form poorer places to richer places looking for jobs. Mexico to USA - 19Does international migration have a pattern?LEDC's to MEDC's
Push and Pull Factors - (pg 35) - 20Case study of migration within one country.England - North to South
More Jobs available better wages
Brazil - North to South East
Better economic system lots of jobs are available in rich area. - 21How is migration connected to urbanisation?Migration is the movement of people from one area to another and urbanisation is people moving from the country side to the cities.
- 22Why has it happened?Push Factors - The are few jobs and low wages - mechanisation of farming is leading to the loss of jobs in rural areas.
Lack of services e.g. few shops, schools and health centres.
Poor Harvests in rural areas in LEDC's some people are substance farmers (Grow what they need to feed their family and sell any extra. - 23What are the results?A larger percentage of people are living in the city as a result. More pressure on governments to provide, housing, transport, services.
- 24What is counter- urbanisation? Why has it happened? What are the results?Counter-Urbanisation is people moving back to the rural areas.
Pollution in cities, crime rates are lower in rural areas and houses in cities cost more. (pg 42) - 25How is land used within cities?CBD - Central business district
Inner City - Around the CBD, poorer quality housing
Suburbs - Housing areas near edge of city
Rural Urban Fringe - Right at the edge, both urban and rural land uses. - 26How is land use within cities changing?Recently a lot of shopping centres have been built on the out of town locations. Meadow Hall
Inner city tower blocks have been removed and replaced with housing estates - 27What different types of goods and retail services are found in urban and rural area?See Page 46 of text book
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- Flashcards on Population and Settlement, created by y10ullyottl on 27/09/2014.
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