Flashcards
learning
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1classical conditioningA form of learning that occurs when two different stimuli are repeatedly paired, which results in the previously neutral stimulus consistently triggering an involuntary, reflexive response that did not occur previously
- 2extinctionthe gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a response; in classical conditioning, extinction occurs over time when the unconditioned stimulus is not presented; in operant conditioning, extinction occurs over time when reinforcement ceases.
- 3spontaneous recoverythe reappearance of a conditioned response following a rest period and after its apparent extinction.
classical- where no UCS was presented
operant- where reinforcement had ceased - 4stimulus generalizationthe tendency for similar stimuli to produce the same, but not necessarily identical, response.
classical- similar to the original conditioned stimulus
operant- similar to the original reinforced stimulus - 5stimulus discriminationclassical- when the conditioned response does not occur when another stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is presented
operant- when the conditioned response does not occur when another stimulus similar to the original reinforced stimulus is presented - 6counter conditioning-
- 7second order conditioning-
- 8operant conditioningA type of learning for which the consequences of a behaviour (e.g reward or punishment) determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future
- 9reinforcementwhen a stimulus strengthens or increases the frequency or likelihood of a response that it follows
- 10punishmentthe delivery of an unpleasant consequence following a response or the removal of a pleasant consequence following a response.
- 11types of reinforcers-intrinsic- internal, self-driven e.g. Getting a question correct
-extrinisic- external consequences
-primary- sleep, food, water, sex (evolutionary)
-secondary- things we normally use to reinforce e.g. 5 clicks means a reward
-artificial- adding something on e.g. good job
-natural - 12ratio schedulereinforcement is delivered when a certain number of responses are given
- 13interval schedulereinforcement is locked out after administration, and can only be dispensed again when a certain amount of time has passed
- 14fixed interval schedulesthe target response is reinforced after a fixed amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement
- 15variable interval schedulethe target response is reinforced after an ambiguous amount of time (time varies between reinforcement)
- 16fixed ratio schedulea fixed number of correct responses must occur before reinforcement may recur
- 17variable ratio schedulesthe number of correct repetitions of the correct response for reinforcement varies
- 18shapingreinforcing a succession of closer and closer intermediate approximations
- 19promptinginducing the person to perform a desired behaviour by presenting a prompt
- 20fadingwhen an individual off prompts by fading which is simply gradually reducing the strength of the prompt
- 21chainingthe process of linking behaviours together to achieve a final result
- 22forward chaining
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- ALHT106 Flashcards on learning , created by Bonnie McDonald on 22/05/2018.
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- Bonnie McDonald
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