13868891
Description
Flashcards by Alix Humbles, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alix Humbles
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what evidence is there of declining turnout in general elections? | 59% turnout in 2001 |
| what evidence is there of party dealignment? | 2% of electorate belong to a party (2018) |
| what is the evidence that the UK has a free press (1,2) ? | 1- in 2008 restrictions of blasphemy removed 2- BBC publicly funded and independent |
| what evidence is there that the UK press is restricted (1, 2) ? | 1- the Independent Press Standards Organisation has imposed up to £1 million fines on papers 2- proposed Espionage Act would give 14 years to any gov. official who leaked documents |
| what evidence is there that FPTP is undemocratic (1, 2)? | 1- 225 seats have not changed hands since 1950s 2- 2015 Conservatives get 51% of seats on 37% of votes |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups support those without a voice? | Howard League (insider, causal) campaigns for better prison conditions; secure books for prisoners from family in 2014 |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups educate parliament? | British Medical Association (insider, sectional) advises on NHS policy |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups are effective? | Action on Smoking and Health (insider, causal) success in banning smoking in public workplaces (2007) |
| what evidence is there that participation in pressure groups is preferred to parties? | National Trust (insider, causal) membership is 4 million, almost 9x that of Labour |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups are self-interested and create hyperpluralism? | anti-fox hunting groups clash with Countryside Alliance (outsider, causal), always groups which are in conflict |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups may have undue influence over government? | 58% of Labour funding comes from trade unions (insider, sectional) |
| what evidence is there of the UK government ignoring court rulings? | maintains ban on prisoners voting despite rule by ECHR |
| what evidence is there that judicial review protects human rights? | ruled that Gurkha veterans have right to reside in the UK (2008) |
| what evidence is there that public opinion is too volatile for referendums? | referendum in 2016 - 52%/48% to leave, YouGov poll 2017 shows 48%/52% to remain |
| what evidence is there that politicians can make more holistic decisions than the public? | Ken Livingstone introduces congestion charges in central London in 2003 despite public opinion |
| what evidence is there that referendums encourage 'tyranny of the majority'? | initiative (like a referendum) in Arizona bans same-sex marriage in 2008 |
| what evidence is there that smaller parties are becoming more popular (1, 2) ? | 1- general election 2015: 25% of vote goes to smaller parties 2- membership of smaller parties increasing: membership of SNP almost equal to Conservatives |
| what evidence is there of people engaging in e-democracy? | almost 150,000 people signed e-petition calling for a second brexit referendum |
| what evidence is there that 'hapathy' has an impact on turnout? | low turnout in 2001/05 when economy strong but rose in 2010 after recession |
| what evidence is there of human rights conflicting? | in 2008 courts appear to priorities right to privacy over freedom of expression (Max Mosely receives damages from News of the World) |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups with more resources are more effective? | the RSPCA affords advertisement and permanent staff due to a large group of subscription payers |
| what evidence is there that there is a lack of trust in politicians? | Ipsos MORI poll finds politicians least trusted proffesionals |
| what evidence is there that scale of resources does not always translate into success for pressure groups? | Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament had over 100,000 members but was ignored by Thatcher due to passive public |
| what evidence is there that tactics can influence the success of pressure groups? | Friends of the Earth runs campaign in line with EU to encourage gov. to clean up beaches |
| what evidence is there that public/media support (1, 2) is an important factor in the success of pressure groups? | 1- after the 1996 Dunblane Primary School Shooting the Snowdrop campaign to ban handguns was successful 2- Joanna Lumley supported the Gurkha Justice Campaign and gained much media coverage |
| what evidence is there that government listens to insider pressure groups? | Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs supports National Farmer's Union on 2013 badger cull due to close links despite animal welfare groups concerns |
| what evidence is there for the influence of think tanks on policy? | Centre for Social Justice set up by Iain Duncan Smith, who then as Work and Pensions Secretary implemented his ideas |
| what evidence is there that lobbying can successfully influence parliament? | British Bankers Association claims lobbying victory in 2012 after meetings with MPs on regulatory constraints, MPs agree to raise topic |
| what evidence is there that corporations seek to influence parliament? | British Soft Drinks Association attends Conservative Party Conference in 2016 to express opposition to 'sugar tax' |
| what evidence is there of the UK government infringing on civil liberties? | control orders in response to 9/11 and 7/7 restricted suspected terrorists |
| what evidence is there of corruption in party funding? | Bernie Ecclestone donates £1 million to Labour in 1997, implied link to delay in ban of tobacco advertising during F1 |
| what evidence is there that Cameron remained close to Thatcherite ideas on economic policy? | austerity as a response to financial crisis, budgets of most departments cut by 25% (except education, health and aid) |
| what evidence is there that Cameron remained close to Thatcherite ideas on welfare policy (1, 2) ? | 1- universal credit system encourages low-income people to seek employment 2- semi-privatisation of NHS to allow private sector competition |
| what evidence is there that Cameron deviated from Thatcherite ideas on law and order? | 'payment by results' schemes rewarded charities for rehabilitating prisoners |
| what evidence is there that Cameron remained close to Thatcherite ideas on law and order? | supported tough sentencing after the 2011 London riots |
| what evidence is there that Cameron remained close to Thatcherite ideas on foreign policy (1, 2, 3) ? | 1- strong links with USA 2- interventionist: air strikes in Syria 3- pragmatic Euroscepticism: renegotiate EU membership in 2016 as Thatcher rejected continued integration |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn remained close to Old Labour ideas on economic policy? | call for renationalisation of railways, water, electricity and mail (return to clause 4, which Blair scrapped in 1995), Attlee nationalised coal, steel, etc in his term |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn remained close to Old Labour ideas on welfare policy? | proposed National Education System mirrors Callaghan's calls for national curriculum (also lift tuition fees which Miliband rejected) |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn remained close to Old Labour ideas on law and order? | Corbyn opposes identity cards and control orders (Blairite policies), Old Labour saw criminals as victims of poor socioeconomic conditions |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn remained close to New Labour ideas on law and order? | oppose government cuts to police numbers as jeopardise public safety |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn remained close to New Labour ideas on foreign policy? | like Blair he supports European integration (Blair planned to bring UK into single currency) |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn rejected New Labour ideas on foreign policy? | favoured withdrawal from NATO and and abolition of Trident |
| what evidence is there of the government suspending human rights? | 2005 Prevention of Terrorism Act control orders and 28 day detention |
| what evidence is there of pressure groups conflicting with gov. on rights? | Liberty rejects Investigatory Powers Bill ('snoopers charter') but passive public |
| what evidence is there that votes are unequal in worth? | 2015- Conservatives need 35,000 votes per seat, UKIP need 3,800,000 |
| what evidence is there of politicians being self-interested? | in 2012 Labour MPs more likely to vote for HofL reform if they have a high number of Conservative supporters in their constituency - support party |
| what evidence is there that the UK parliament is unrepresentative of the population? | 32% of MPs women vs 51% of population |
| what evidence is there of low turnout in second order elections? | 2012 15% turnout in Police and Crime Commissioner elections |
| what evidence is there of Labour representing young people/minorities (1, 2)? | 1- 2017 Labour manifesto promises to scrap tuition fees 2- 2000 Labour government equalises the age of consent |
| what evidence is there that parties allow people to participate in politics? | membership of Labour (costing only £3 at the time) in 2015 allowed the public to vote in the leadership election |
| what evidence is there of the importance of parties in policy development? | parties can simplify policy areas so the public can understand, for example the NHS in 2015 where onservatives promise 7 day GP service |
| what evidence is there of parties simplifying complex issues? | Conservatives attempt to change junior doctors contract in 2016 without explaining how it would effect people/ how it would be funded |
| what evidence is there of government passing policy without a mandate? | there was no mandate for policies passed by the coalition (2010-2015) as there was not an individual manifesto for the government |
| what evidence is there of inequality of funding of UK political parties? | Labour had an income of £50mil in 2016, compared to £2mil for the Green party |
| what evidence is there that larger parties have more support than smaller ones? | 2017 Conservatives gain 42% of the vote, Green has 2% |
| what evidence is there of decreasing support for the major parties? | 2010 only 65% of votes cast for 2 major parties |
| what evidence is there of smaller parties encouraging consensus politics? | in Scotland in 2011 SNP had to gain cross-party support to pass their budget, encouraging more focus on economic recovery to attract Conservative members |
| what evidence is there of smaller parties allowing people to hold government to account? | UKIP allowed those who felt ignored in elections to influence the Conservatives by threatening them with lost votes in 2015 |
| what evidence is there of the return to a two-party system? | 2017 82% of votes cast for 2 major parties |
| what evidence is there of the limits on regional parties? | SNP can never hold power due to max. 59 seats avalible in Scotland |
| what evidence is there of smaller parties having undue/unaccountable power? | 2016 SNP blocks Sunday trading law reform for England and Wales |
| what evidence is there of Labour returning to its earlier social policy? | Corbyn National Education System mirrors Callaghan's calls for National Curriculum [h/ever little change from New Labour who also highly valued education: slogan 'Education, Education, Education'] |
| what evidence is there of Corbyn returning to Old Labour's tax policy? | Corbyn calls for raised tax on earnings over £80,000, Old Labour focused on a tiered system with high taxes for the rich, New Labour preferred wealth creation with low corporation tax |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn hold support from the public? | in 2015 Miliband received 30% of the popular vote, Corbyn received 40% in 2017 |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn holds support from his party? | after 2016 vote of no confidence and leadership election he increased his share of the vote |
| what evidence is there that Corbyn does not hold support from his party? | vote of no confidence in 2016 supported by 176 Labour MPs |
| what evidence is there of Corbyn deviating from Old Labour foreign policy? | Corbyn supports EU (calls for soft Brexit) but Old Labour were very Eurosceptic (Wilson calls referendum on membership in 1975) |
| what evidence is there of the Conservatives supporting liberal economic policy? | 2017 May raises minimum wage to £7.50 an hour |
| what evidence is there of the Conservatives supporting liberal social policy? | same sex marriage legalised under Conservatives in 2014 |
| what evidence is there of the Conservatives rejecting liberal economic policy? | proposed cuts to tax credits in 2015 |
| what evidence is there of the Conservatives rejecting liberal social policy? | reject reform proposals on drug offences, hide report findings on drug laws in 2014 |
| what evidence is there of FPTP failing to deliver a strong and decisive government? | 2010-2015 coalition, Cameron 12 seat majority, May minority |
| what evidence is there of FPTP delivering a strong and decisive government? | Thatcher (1979-1990) and Blair (1997-2007) |
| what evidence is there of FPTP being the simplest and quickest way to form a government? | Belgium 2010 took more than a year to form a coalition government under PR |
| what evidence is there that FPTP provides a strong link between constituents and their representatives? | in 2012 Denis MacShane stepped down after the expenses scandal instead of facing defeat at election time |
| what is an example of a referendum resolving social/political (1, 2) rifts? | 1- 1998 Good Friday Agreement resolved years of sectarian violence in NI 2- 1975 EU membership referendum healed divisions within the conservative governments |
| what evidence is there of referendums which sought direct consent for constitutional change? | 2011 AV referendum on electoral systems |
| what evidence is there of age being a factor in voting behaviour? | 2017 58% 60-69 year olds votes conservative compared to 42% of the electorate as a whole |
| what evidence is there of ethnicity being a factor in voting behaviour? | in 2017 73% of BMEs voted Labour compared to 40% of the electorate as a whole |
| what evidence is there of region being a factor in voting behaviour [class dimension]? | turnout in the more affluent south-east was 68%, in the north-west it was 62% |
| what evidence suggests that age differences are a result of experience? | older people- Callaghan's failure during the winter of discontent; younger people- responsible economic management by Blair |
| what evidence is there that education is the factor behind ethnicity voting patterns? | white British people achieve below the national average for attainment in KS4, 55% of those with GCSE qualifications or lower vote Conservative, education may be the factor behind patterns within ethnicity |
| what evidence is there that think tanks are seen as spring-boards for a critical | David Miliband worked for Institute for Public Policy Research before |
| what evidence is there that lobbyists insult democracy? | 4000 people employed abnd £2 billion spent, large corporations can afford influence by hiring them |
| what evidence is there that pressure groups effectively use access points to be successful? | Friends of the Earth ran a campaign with the EU to compel the gov. to clean up beaches |
| what evidence is there that weak leadership (1, 2) leads to failure for a party? | 1) James Callaghan failed to control trade union strikes in the 'winter of discontent' and epically lost the next election 2) Corbyn not seen as a competent leader, TM voted in even though seen as cold |
| what evidence is there that divided parties are not successful (and counter)? | 1997 John Major party seems divided over EU while Tony Blair had unified Labour, HUGE majority by TB |
| what evidence is there of smaller parties influencing policy? | Conservatives pledge an EU referendum in 2013 to stop UKIP from 'stealing' voters in next election |
| what evidence is there that MPs do not represent the views of their constituents? | Labour MPs from constituencies with more Conservative voters were significantly more likely to support an elected House of Lords, not in Conservative line of thought |
| what evidence is there of election campaigns being misleading? | 2001 Labour promise not to introduce 'top-up fees for university students then raise fees up from £1,000 a year |
| what evidence is there that AMS (1) is more proportional than FPTP (2)? | under AMS in Scotland Con had 24% of seats and 22% of votes, while in 2015 UKIP win 3.9mil votes and one seat, while SNP has 1.5mil votes and 56 seats |
| what evidence is there that STV produces consensus politics? |
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