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Flashcards

RS 1

blbates English 108 cards

Cards in this deck (108)

  1. 1Definition of Remote SensingRemote sensing is the practice of deriving information about the Earth’s land and water surfaces using images acquired from an overhead perspective, by employing electromagnetic radiation in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, reflected or emmited from the earth surface
  2. 2Data acquisitionenergy sources
    propagation of energy through atmosphere
    energy interactions w/ earth surface features
    retransmisson thru atmosphere
    airborne and/or spaceborne sensors
    generation of sensor data
  3. 3Data analysisexamining data using various viewing and interpretation devices to analyze pictorial data and/or computer to analyze sensor data
  4. 4Ultravioletbetween X-rays and blue
  5. 5Visible light spectrum0.4-0.7um
  6. 6Near Infrared (Near-IR)0.7-1.3um
  7. 7Mid-IR1.3-3um
  8. 8Thermal-IR>3um
  9. 9Planck's LawThe longer the wavelength, the lower its energy content.
    "I'd rather walk the Planck on calm waters, where the sea is calm with long waves with low energy"
  10. 10Stefan-Boltzman LawTotal energy emitted from an object increases very rapidly with increases in temperature.
  11. 11Wien's Displacement LawAs temperature increases, the dominant wavelength shifts to shorter wavelength.
    "Candlelit dinners have Wein. As the candle gets hotter, it gets shorter."
  12. 12BlackbodyHypothetical source of energy that behaves in an idealized manner
    Absorbs all incident radiation; none is reflected
    emits energy with perfect efficiency
  13. 13Atmospheric scattering depends on...?size of particles
    abundance of particles
    wavelength of radiation
    depth of the atmosphere
  14. 14Rayleigh ScatteringAtmospheric particles are very small relative to the wavelength of radiation
    BLUE and RED skies
    Red sky - radiation traveling longer -leftover light is red because the blue was already scattered
  15. 15Mie Scatteringcaused by large particles such as dust, pollen, smoke, water droplets
    particles are roughly equivalent to the wavelength of the scattered radiation
    overcast skies
  16. 16Nonselective Scatteringcauses by particles much larger than the wavelengths of the scattered radiation
    not wavelength dependent
    fog and clouds appear white
  17. 173 main gases responsible for atmospheric absorptionWater Vapor
    CO2
    Ozone
  18. 18What is an atmospheric window?the wavelength ranges in which the atmosphere is particularly transmissive of energy
  19. 19What does wavelength dependent mean?When energy is reflected differently depending on the surface
  20. 20Incident energy is equal to what?Reflected energy + transmitted energy + absorbed energy
  21. 21Specular reflectancesmooth surfaces, reflects in a single direction
  22. 22Diffuse reflectionrough surfaces, energy scattered in pretty much all directions equally
    best for RS
  23. 23Spectral Reflectance is the percent of what?the reflected wavelength out of total incident wavelength
  24. 24Water absorbs 100% of what kinds of radiation? What does this mean?near and mid IR
    We can delineate water boundaries easily from land
  25. 25What colors of light does vegetation absorb?blue and red
  26. 26What is a trough with respect to plant reflectance?Refers to different amounts of moisture, can determine health, growth stages
  27. 27What are the types of cameras used in photographic remote sensing?Single-lens
    multi-lens
    strip
    panoramic
  28. 28What is a low-oblique air photo?There is no sky in the picture
  29. 29High oblique?there is sky.
  30. 30verticalstraight down.
  31. 31Scale formula (without camera focal length)S = photo distance / ground distance
  32. 32Scale formula (with camera focal length)S = camera focal length / flying height above terrain
  33. 33In color film, which layers are sensitive to blue light?The top, second, and third
  34. 34Which layer is sensitive to green light?2nd layer
  35. 35Which layer is sensitive to red light?3rd.
  36. 36Where is the blue light filter on a color image?Between the first and second layers
  37. 37What wavelengths are regular photos using?0.4 - 0.7um
  38. 38What wavelengths do photographic IR photos use?0.7 - 0.9um
  39. 39IR ****blue
  40. 40IR bluegreen
  41. 41IR greenred
  42. 42IR redIR
  43. 43What is photogrammetry?The technique of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs
  44. 44What are fiducial marks?Silhouettes at the edges and/or corners of the aerial photographs
  45. 45What is the principal point?the optical center of the photograph (lines that connect opposite pairs of fiducial marks intersect to identify the principal point)
  46. 46What is the ground nadir?the point on the ground vertically beneath the center of the camera lens
  47. 47What is photographic nadir?The intersection with the photograph of the vertical line that intersects the ground nadir and the center of the lens
  48. 48What is relief displacement?the difference in location due to height ("relief") of the object. It depends on
    1) the height of the object
    2) distance of object from nadir
  49. 49Conjugate Principal Point?When endlap is greater than 50% and principal points from other photos are visible
  50. 50what is drift?Occurs when a plane's course is deflected by crosswind
  51. 51What is crab?Caused by correction of flight path to compensate for drift without a change in the orientation of the camera
  52. 52What is stereoscopic parallax?The differences in appearances of objects due to changes in perspective
  53. 53what is a parallax?the apparent change in relative positions of stationary objects caused by a change in viewing position
    it's used as a basis for measuring heights of objects
  54. 54What are the four tasks of image interpretation?Classification
    Enumeration
    Mensuration
    Delineation
  55. 55What is classification?Assigning objects, features, or areas to classes based on their appearances on the air photos
  56. 56What are the three levels of confidence and precision?Detection
    Recognition
    Identification
  57. 57Define detectionthe determination of presence or absence of a feature
  58. 58define recognitionimplies a higher level of knowledge about a feature or object
  59. 59define identificationmeans that you can specify the identity of an object to classify it
  60. 60Define Enumerationrefers to listing and counting discrete items visible on an airphoto
  61. 61Define MensurationIt's measuring. Includes photogrammetry and photometry
  62. 62Photogrammetry?measure of distance, height, and areas
  63. 63Photometry?measure of intensity of light, including estimation
  64. 64Define Delineationinterpreter must often delineate, or outline, regions as they are observed on airphotos
  65. 65What is multispectral remote sensing?The collection of reflected, emitted, or backscattered energy from an object or area of interest in multiple bands
  66. 66What are the advantages of satellite sensors?They provide a synoptic view (observation of large areas in a single image), as well as fine detail and systematic repetitive coverage of most land areas
  67. 67What are the 2 types of orbit?Geo-synchronous
    Sun-synchronous
  68. 68What is geo-synchronous?Orbits revolve at and angular rate that matches the earth's rotation, and therefore remain stationary with respect to earth's surface
    it goes LEFT
    used by meteorological and communication satellites
  69. 69What is a sun-synchronous orbit?Orients the plane of satellite orbit in a position that maintains a constant angular relationship with the solar beam
    it minimizes variations in solar illumination
    it is used for many earth observation satellites, including Landsat satellites
    GO RIGHT
  70. 70What is swath?as a satellite revolves around the Earth, the sensor "sees" a certain portion of the Earth's surface.
  71. 71What is spatial resolution?Spatial resolution refers to the size of the smallest possible feature that can be detected.
  72. 72What is spectral resolution?Spectral Resolution is the ability of a sensor to define wavelength intervals.
    The finer the spectral resolution, the narrower the wavelength range for a particular channel or band
  73. 73What is radiometric resolution?This describes an imaging system's ability to discriminate very slight differences in energy.
    The finer the RR of a sensor, the more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy.
    (2bit vs 8bit)
  74. 74What is temporal resolution?It is the revisit period of the satellite.
  75. 75When was Landsat initiated?1967
  76. 76What is longest running enterprise for acquisition of imagery of the earth from space?Landsat
  77. 77When was the first Landsat satellite launched?1972
  78. 78When was Landsat 7 launched?April 15, 1999
  79. 79What is the former name of the Landsat program?ERTS-1
    or
    Earth Resources Technology Satellite
  80. 80What are 2 major contributions of Landsat?The routine availability of multispectral data of large portions of the earth's surface.
    The routine availability of multispectral data in digital (numeric) form
  81. 81What sensors are on board Landsat 1, 2, and 3?RBV (Return Beam Vidicon)
    MSS (Multi-spectral scanner)
  82. 82What is RBV (Return Beam Vidicon)?Has resolution of about 80m.
    Has three channels:
    0.475-0.575 (green)
    0.58-0.68 (red)
    0.69-0.83 (NIR)
  83. 83What sensors are on board Landsat 4 and 5?MSS (Multi-spectral scanner)
    TM (Thematic Mapper)
  84. 84What is MSS in regards to Landsat 1-5?Has across track (whiskbroom) scanner
    Spatial resolution = 79m
    Has four channels (green, red, NIR, landsat 3 has thermal)
  85. 85What is Thematic Mapper (TM)?Has spectral design improvements relative to MSS.
    Radiometrically, TM performs its onboard analog to-digital signal conversions with 256 digital numbers (8 bits)
    Geometrically, TM has a 30-m ground resolution for channels 1,2,3,4,5 and 7 and 120m for channel 6.
  86. 86TM Spectral Band 0.45-0.52Blue
  87. 87TM Spectral Band 0.52-0.60Green
  88. 88TM Spectral Band 0.63 - 0.69Red
  89. 89TM Spectral Band 0.76 - 0.90NIR
  90. 90TM Spectral Band 1.55-1.75MIR
  91. 91TM Spectral Band 10.4-12.5Thermal IR
  92. 92TM Spectral Band 2.08-2.35MIR
  93. 93What sensors are on board Landsat 7?ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus)
  94. 94What is ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus)?An 8-band multispectral scanning radiometer capable of providing high-res imaging info of the Earth's surface
  95. 95What is the date for Landsat 8?February 11, 2013
  96. 96What is on board Landsat 8?Operational Land Imager (OLI)
    Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS)
  97. 97What is OLI (Operational Land Imager)?Has 9 bands, has resolution of 30m for most.
  98. 98OLI Band 1Coastal/Aerosol
  99. 99OLI Band 2Blue
  100. 100OLI Band 3Green
  101. 101OLI Band 4Red
  102. 102OLI Band 5NIR
  103. 103OLI Band 6Short-wave IR
  104. 104OLI Band 7Short-wave IR
  105. 105OLI Band 8Panchromatic
    15m res
  106. 106OLI Band 9Cirrus
  107. 107TIRS Band 10Long wavelength IR
    100m res
  108. 108TIRS Band 11Long wavelength IR
    100m res

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Flashcards on RS 1, created by blbates on 02/10/2014.
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blbates
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