13950822
Description
Flashcards by Daniel Noack, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Daniel Noack
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Quantitative Research | Uses experiments/surveys to gather data that can be statistically analysed to test particular hypotheses |
| Qualitative Research | In-depth analysis of a small number of participants to gather data that provides a richer/deeper understanding of the topic than that of Quantitative Research |
| A Theory | Systematic way of organising and explaining observations , which includes a set of propositions/statements about the relationships among various phenomena |
| Hypothesis | Tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables |
| Variable | Any phenomenon that can differ, or vary, from one situation/person to another. |
| Continuous Variable | A variable that can be placed on a continuum |
| Categorical Variable | Variable that is comprised of groupings/categories |
| Standardised Procedures | Exposing participants in a study to as similar procedures as possible |
| Population | a larger group to whom research should be applicable |
| Sample | a subgroup of the population that is likely to be representative of the population as a whole |
| Generalisability | Applicability of the findings to the entire population of interest to the researcher |
| Sampling Bias | occurs when the sample is not representative of the population as a whole. |
| Internal Validity | Methods that convincingly test the hypothesis |
| External Validity | Findings can be generalised to situations outside, or external to, the labratory |
| Measure | concrete way of assessing a variable. Way of bringing an abstract concept down to earth |
| Reliability | Measure's ability to produce consistent results |
| Retest reliability | tendency of a test to yield relatively similar scores for the same individual over time |
| Internal consistency | When several ways of asking the same question yield similar results |
| Interrater Reliability | when two different interviewers rate an individual on some dimension, both should give the person similar scores. |
| Validity | Measure's ability to assess the variable it is supposed to assess |
| Scientific approach | Uses empirical methods to gain knowledge |
| Description (Scientific Approach) | summarising relationships between variable |
| Prediction (scientific approach) | anticipating future events |
| Understanding (Scientific approach) | Identifying the causes of phenomenon |
| experimental research | Psychologists manipulate some aspect of a situation and examine the impact on the way participants respond |
| Control group | neutral condition against which participants in various experimental conditions can be compared. |
| Descriptive research | describes phenomena as they already exist rather than manipulating variables |
| case study | in-depth observation of one person or a group of people |
| Naturalistic Observation | in-depth observation of a phenomenon in its natural setting |
| Survey research | asking a large sample of people questions, usually about their attitudes of behaviour through interviews/questionnaires |
| Random/Stratified Random samples | allow psychologists to gather substantial info about the population by examining representative samples. |
| Correlational research | assess the degree to which two variables are related |
| Correlation coefficient | quantifies the association between two variables, and ranges from -1.0 to +1.0. A correlation of zero means that two variables are unrelated. |
| objectivity | taking an impartial and disinterested approach |
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