Flashcards
Support tissue - dynamic cell
Cards in this deck (9)
- 1loose connective tissue: wrapping & space filling tendons & ligaments: connecting - regular dense fibrous connective tissue dermis: strong component of skin - irregular dense fibrous connective tissue bone & cartilage: fundamental basics of skeleton & its jointsfibres: stretch resistance & recoil
ground substance GAGs: hold water, jelly = hyaluronan
- prevents spread of infection - 2resident cells = live in all time immigrant cells = come & gofibroblast: makes fibres
- active form has RER (associated with secretion + contains lots of ribosomes) - 3fat cells (adipose tissue): - used for cushioning & storage - fat stored in cytosol of cells, formed as droplets which accumulate & fill cytosol of cell forming thin rim - energy storage, space filling & cushioningmast cells:
- related to immune system (first step)
- contain granules, signalling molecules, release granules into surrounding when singled (warning to immune system)
- signalling molecules affect capillaires in region
-signals open up endothelium (leakage of blood plasma causing swelling of region)
- immune funciton, swelling, inflammation & anaphylaxis - 4capillaries: made of endothelial cells pericytes: sit on outside of capillaries(stem cells) form new endothelial cells, fat cells & fibroblast lymphocytes, monocytes, plasma cells, macrophages = immigrant cellsDense fibrous CT = mechanical strength
- matrix dominated by collagen fibres, cells = fibroblasts
- highly organised, parallel fibres - regular DFCT, e.g. tendon, ligament
- random collagen fibres = irregular DFCT
e.g. dermis (fibres run in all directions to allow for resisting forces acting in all directions) - 5Hyaline cartilage: - joint surface = synovial join (adults) - foetal skeleton - tracheal rings (holds open) cells = chondrocyte, exist in lacuna in matrix - matrix rich in GAGs - cells within cartilage capable of cell division- embedded in matrix, cells cluster, pushing one another apart by forming more ECMinterstitial growth = tissue growing by cells within dividing
- cells also have perichondrium = fibrous structure
- cartilage within fibrous later = inner chondrogenic layer (gives new cells onto surface = appositional growth)
*useful connective tissue as foetus - 6role of matrix in cartilage: - type II collagen - form arcades, parallel to surface, resist sliding forces at surface, elsewhere resist compression - link protein aggrecan - hyaluronan - fibronectin (bind to out EC molecules) if collagen frame work damaged, cartilage will swellelastic cartilage:
- similar to hyaline but with loads of elastic fibres in matrix
- large ears need rigid support but be able to bend
- tough, resilient tissue - 7fibrocartilage - intermediate between hyaline & DFCT - visibly fibrous, high GAG content - intervertebral disc, tendon/ligament attachment to bonebone
- dense outside, spongy inside
- highly vascular innervated
3 types:
osteoblast = produce matrix that becomes mineralised
osteocytes = mature bone
osteoclasts = secrete enzymes for bone resorption
mineralised ECM: brittle mineral reinforced by flexible collagen to form strong composite material - 8ossification - 2 types: Intramembranous ossification - formation of bone directly - mesenchyme: embryonic connective tissue condensation: 1st step - cells come together forming dense mass differentiation: 2nd - cells become osteoblast & secrete bone matrix, then become embedded as osteocytes, retain cell to cell junctionsendochrondral ossification - cartilage first
- primary centre of ossification = diaphysis
- secondary = epiphysis
- cartage first so can grow quickly
- once embryonic pattern established grow very quickly (cartage grows quicker than bone)
- cartilage replaced by bone (diaphysis first replaced by bone = primary centre of ossification, then in epiphysis)
cartilage left around top & ends of short = epiphyseal plate (mediates adolescence growth) - 9growth plate: - resting cell proliferates to generate column of cells (gets big further down column) - blood cells invade bottom of column & trigger hypertonic cells to undergo apoptosissynovial joint
- bone covered by articular cartilage
- cartilage has smooth surface: rich in GAG/PGs & collagen, compression resistance & shock absorb
- bone ends/joint cavity enclosed by sleeve-like capsule & supported by ligaments
- joint capsule lined by synovial membrane (layer of cells supported by vascular CT)
lining cells secrete synovial fluid = lubricating oil-like, nutrition of cartilage
- nutrients diffuse from synovium to fluid, fluid distributed around with joint movement
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- Flashcards on Support tissue - dynamic cell, created by michaela minkin on 29/05/2018.
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