14045755
| Question | Answer |
| Social cognition | How we interpret, analyse, remember and use information to make judgements about others in different social situations |
| Person perception | The mental processes we use to form impressions and draw conclusions about the personal characteristics of other people |
| Halo effect | A cognitive bias in which the impression we form about one quality of a person influences our beliefs and expectations about the person in other qualities |
| Attribution | The process by which people explain the causes of their own and other people's behaviour |
| Personal attribution | An explanation due to the characteristics of the person involved. e.g. personality, ability, attitude, motivation, mood or effort |
| Situational attribution | An explanation due to factors external to the person involved. e.g. actions of another person, an aspect of the environment, the task, luck and fate |
| The fundamental attribution error | The tendency to overestimate the influence of personal factors and underestimate the impact of situational on other people's behaviour |
| Just World Belief | That the world is a fair and just place |
| Actor-observer bias | Our tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external causes, yet attributing other people's behaviour to internal factors |
| Self-serving bias | When judging ourselves, we tend to take the credit for our successes and attribute failures to situational factors |
| Individualist cultures | Being independent is valued and encouraged, and achieving personal goals is considered more important than achieving group goals |
| Collectivist cultures | Achieving group goals is considered more important than the achievement of individual goals |
| Attitude | An evaluation a person makes about an object, person, group, event or issue. |
| Tri-component Model | Affective: feelings/emotions Behavioural: actions Cognitive: beliefs and thoughts |
| Classical conditioning | repeated pairing and association of two different stimuli or events |
| Operant conditioning | We tend to repeat behaviour that has a desirable consequence and not repeat behaviour which has an undesirable behaviour |
| Social learning/modelling | When someone uses observation of another person's actions and their consequences to guide their future thoughts, feelings or behaviour |
| Repeated Exposure | Being exposed to an object, person, group, event or issue repeatedly |
| Stereotype | A collection of beliefs that we have about the people who belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences among members of that group |
| Ingroup | Any group that you belong to or identify with |
| Outgroup | Any group you do not belong to or identify with |
| Prejudice | Holding a negative attitude towards the members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group |
| Discrimination | Positive or negative behaviour that is directed towards a social group and its members |
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