14152977
Description
Flashcards by Averil Tam, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Averil Tam
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 1. Normal scenario - YES/NO? A. Bruises less than 10 cent size below the knee in an active school age child. | Yes. Bruises below the knees are common in children and are usually due to trauma and are usually not hard or palpable |
| 1. Normal scenario - YES/NO? B. Bleeding from the mouth which stopped and started over a period of 24 hours. | No. An example of bruising/bleeding which would require further investigation to rule out an underlying bleeding disorder. |
| 1. Normal scenario - YES/NO? C. Bruising on trunk and arms in a four month old infant. | No. An example of bruising/bleeding which would require further investigation to rule out an underlying bleeding disorder. Non accidental injury must always be considered. |
| 1. Normal scenario - YES/NO? D. Recurrent epistaxis where each episode lasts >10 minutes and results in iron deficiency anaemia. | No. An example of bruising/bleeding which would require further investigation to rule out an underlying bleeding disorder. |
| 1. Normal scenario - YES/NO? E. Subgaleal haemorrhage causing shock after a Ventouse assisted delivery. | No. An example of bruising/bleeding which would require further investigation to rule out an underlying bleeding disorder. |
| 2. Regarding haemophilia, TRUE/FALSE? A. A normal Factor VIII level in a female whose brother has haemophilia can reliably predict whether she is a carrier or not. | False. A haemophilia carrier cannot be reliably detected by measuring her Factor VIII level. Gene mutation testing is required to determine carrier status, except if her father has haemophilia, in which case she is an obligate carrier. Some female carriers of haemophilia have lower than normal factor VIII levels but most have normal levels. |
| 2. Regarding haemophilia, TRUE/FALSE? B. A Ventouse assisted delivery is a safe procedure for delivery of a baby with haemophilia. | False |
| 2. Regarding haemophilia, TRUE/FALSE? C. A child with mild haemophilia can safely undergo a tonsillectomy without factor replacement. | False. Even though a person may have the label “mild” haemophilia that should not be reassuring to a surgeon: people with mild haemophilia are at risk of bleeding when they are operated on without treatment to raise their factor level. |
| 2. Regarding haemophilia, TRUE/FALSE? D. Factor VIII may be given 3 times a week as prophylactic treatment for children with severe Haemophilia A. | True |
| 2. Regarding haemophilia, TRUE/FALSE? E. If a child with haemophilia B sustains a significant head injury eg. with loss of consciousness, prior to giving factor IX, a CT scan should be performed first to determine if a bleed has occurred. | False. If a child with haemophilia sustains a significant head injury, then they should be given the relevant factor replacement as soon as possible to stop any intracranial bleeding that may have already started, before any imaging is performed, because the latter will delay treatment. So, give the factor first, and then do the scans. |
| 3. With newly diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in childhood, TRUE/FALSE? A. Splenomegaly is often found on examination. | False. The finding of an enlarged liver and/or spleen rules out ITP and other diagnoses eg. leukaemia must be considered. |
| 3. With newly diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in childhood, TRUE/FALSE? B. The onset is usually insidous. | False. The onset can be insidious but is usually abrupt. |
| 3. With newly diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in childhood, TRUE/FALSE? C. The platelet count will most likely be normal 12 months from diagnosis. | True. 85-90% of children will have spontaneously recovered 12 months from diagnosis regardless of treatment or not. |
| 3. With newly diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in childhood, TRUE/FALSE? D. The bone marrow aspirate shows an absence of megakaryocytes. | False. The bone marrow shows a normal to increased number of megakaryocytes. |
| 3. With newly diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in childhood, TRUE/FALSE? E. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin is curative. | False. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin or steroids are only temporizing measures. |
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