Flashcards
MCAT Physics Chapter 1-4
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1What is a dot product?--> Used to create a scalar quantity
= |A|*|B|* Cos Q - 2What is a cross product?--> It gives rise to another vector.
= |A| * |B| * SinQ - 3What is the difference between distance and displacement?Distance -- scalar quantity, accounts for the path taken.
Displacement -- vector quantity, accounts for the change between initial and final position (not the pathway) - 4What is the formula for Gravitational force?F = (G * m1 * m2)/ (r^2)
- 5What are the two kinds of frictional forces we've studied?1) Static Friction -- exists between an object at rest and the surface
2) Kinetic Friction -- exists between two surfaces sliding past each other. - 6How do we calculate Static Friction?Static Friction can have a range of values instead of a constant one. It is dependent on the coefficient of static friction (a unit less constant)
Formula --> 0≤ F≤ μs*n - 7How do we calculate Kinetic Friction?Kinetic Friction = μk*n
This force has a constant value. - 8Which coefficient of friction is likely to have the larger value? Why?The coefficient of static friction is likely to have the larger value because it is harder to slide an object at rest vs. maintaining the sliding motion of an object that is already sliding.
- 9What is the first law of motion?Also known as the law of inertia, an object at rest or moving with constant velocity will continue doing so until a net force acts on it.
- 10What is the second law of motion?F=ma
- 11What is the third law of motion?Every force has an equal and opposite force being applied to it.
- 12What are some equations that can be used to solve problems concerning constant acceleration?
- 13What is the formula for centripetal force?F = mv^2/r
- 14What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy?Kinetic energy -- associated with the movement of objects.
Potential energy -- is the energy stored within a system. - 15Explain the following: 1) Gravitational potential energy 2) Elastic potential energy 3) Electrical potential energy 4) Chemical potential energy1) It's related to the mass of an object and its height above the ground.
2) It's related to the spring constant and how far the spring is stretched/compressed.
3) It exists between two charged particles
4) Its the energy stored in chemical bonds. - 16What do we mean by the total mechanical energy of an object? Is this a variable or constant value?The total mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy of an object.
It is ALWAYS a constant value. - 17What is the difference between conservative and non-conservative forces?Conservative forces -- if only these forces are acting, total mechanical energy is conserved.
Non-conservative forces result in loss through thermal energy. - 18What are some examples of conservative and non-conservative forces?Conservative -- gravity, electrostatic forces
Non-conservative -- friction, drag - 19What is work?Work is defined as the dot product between the force applied and the distance travelled.
- 20What is another way of calculating work?It is the area under the pressure-volume graph.
- 21When is the work done on an object 0?1) When the force applied on the object is perpendicular to the distance it travels.
2) When there is no change in distance, with the application of force. - 22What is power?it is the change in work done/ energy per unit time.
- 23What is the work-energy theorem?It states that the work done by ALL forces applied on an object equal to the difference in kinetic energy of the object.
- 24Fill in the blanks -- Mechanical advantage has to do with ____________ while efficiency has to do with ____________forces, energy output.
- 25What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?Objects at thermal equilibrium are at the same temperature.
- 26What is temperature?It is the measure of the average kinetic energy of an object.
- 27What is the difference between a system or a surrounding?A thermodynamic system is a portion of the universe we're interested in.
The remaining is the 'surrounding'. - 28Define the following-- 1 ) Open System 2) Closed System 3) Isolated System1) Open system has an exchange of matter and energy with the surrounding.
2) Closed system has an exchange of energy but not matter
3) Isolated system doesn't exchange either energy or matter. - 29What is the difference between State functions and Process functions?State functions are path independent - enthalpy, pressure, density, volume and internal energy.
Process functions are path dependent - example : work and heat - 30What is the first law of thermodynamics?Total energy in the universe can never increase or decrease.
- 31How is the first law of thermodynamics mathematically written?ΔE = Q+W
- 32What is specific heat?it is the amount energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg mass by 1 degree celsius.
- 33Why doesn't the temperature rise during a phase change?The heat transferred during phase change is invested in overcoming potential energy as bonds are broken. That's why there isn't an increase in kinetic energy and the temperature is constant.
- 34What kind of work do the following lead to and why: 1) Expansion 2) Compression1) Expansion -- its negative work because work is done on the environment BY the system.
2) Compression --- its positive work because work is done ON the system by the environment. - 35Define the following-- 1) Isothermal Process 2) Adiabatic Process 3) Isobaric Process 4) Isochoric Process1) Isothermal process is where the temperature is constant, the change in internal energy therefore is 0.
2) Adiabatic Process doesn't exchange heat with its surroundings. Q therefore is 0.
3) Isobaric Process -- there is no change in pressure. V and T directly related.
4) Isochoric Process -- no change in volume, no work done. - 36What is the second law of thermodynamics?In a closed system, energy will spontaneously and irreversibly go from being localised to spread out i.e. the entropy of a system will rise.
- 37What is entropy?It is the measure of disorder in the system.
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- Flashcards on MCAT Physics Chapter 1-4, created by Anahita Sehgal on 22/06/2018.
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