Flashcards
Primary Tissue Types
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1Define: TissueA group of specialised cells with a distinct function
- 2What are the advantages of cells grouping together to form tissues?• Division of labour & coordinated function for tissue
• Larger organisms are possible
• Support & mobility - exploitation of resources not available to single cells - 3How do cells become differentiated / specialised?Selective protein expression & gene silencing -->
Each cell contains the genome from the 1st embryonic cell which codes for many proteins --> most cells only express a subset of these genes & hence have varying characteristic - 4How are tissues formed?• Originator stem cells undergo asymmetric division --> new sets of genes/proteins are expressed forming cells w/ distinct functions --> gene expression is regulated by transcription factors which act in different combinations to determine the path of differentiation --> differentiated descendant cells proliferate to form tissues
- 54 basic tissue typesEpithelia - Nervous tissue - Muscle - Connective tissue
- 6What types of junctions may exist between cells & what are their functions?Tight junctions - sealing
Desmosomes - strengthening cell links
Gap junctions - connect adjacent cells cytosol
Adherens junctions - spots of connection linking movement proteins - 7Function of nervous tissueCollect, process/integrate & send information
- 8Define: NeuronSeparate cells which communicate by secrete chemicals (neurotransmitters) by exocytosis at the ends of cell processes, axons into synapses
- 9Function of the: 1. Dendrites? 2. Axon? 3. Axon end bulb?1. Receives outputs & directs stimuli towards the cell
2. Directs stimuli away form the cell
3. Site of chemical neurotransmitter released - 10Function of the 'fatty sheath'' Fatty sheath' = Myelin sheath
• enhances conduction
• facilitates jumping of the AP - 11What are the glial cells of the PNS?• Schwann Cells - myelination (one cell builds one internode)
• Satellite cells - support cells in ganglia - 12What are the glial cells of the CNS?• Oligodendrocytes - myelination (one cell building many internodes)
• Astrocytes - 'Star cells': metabolic & mechanical support
• Micro-ganglia - specialised blood cells for phagocytosis & antigen presentation
• Ependyma - lining cells of CNS cavities - 13Define: MuscleContractile tissue under voluntary or involuntary control
- 14What are the 3 types of muscle?Skeletal - Cardiac - Smooth
• all containing contractile filaments composed of actin & myosin - 15Characteristics of each muscle typeSkeletal -
• striated
• coordinated contraction
• voluntary control
Cardiac -
• striated
• coordinated contraction
• involuntary control
• relatively short cells w/ central nuclei, connected by intercalated discs
Smooth -
• non-striated
• coordinated contraction
• involuntary
• spindle shaped cells - 16Connective tissue types...• Fibro-cartilagenous tissue
• Cartilage, bone & teeth
• Adipose tissue
• Blood - 17What are the major features of the ECM?Fibrous proteins - Structured carbohydrates & proteins - Mineral deposits
- 18Types of Fibro-cartilagenous tissue...LOOSE - e.g. around epithelia / organs
DENSE - e.g. tendons & ligaments
RETICULAR - liver & lymph nodes - 19Cells in fibro-cartilagenous tissue + their functionsFibroblasts - synthesise fibrous proteins e.g. collagens, elastins & ECM component proteoglycans
Macrophages - phagocytosis & antigen presentation
Mast cells - synthesise of histamine & other inflammatory mediators
Stem cells, Blood cells & adipocytes - 20Function of cartilageBring strength , flexibility & smooth joint movement
- 21Types of cartilage..ELASTIC - flexible e.g. external ear
HYALINE - impact resistant, durable & low friction e.g. trachea
FIBRO-CARTILAGE - strong e.g. intervertebral discs - 22What cells are involved in cartilage?Chondrocytes
- 23Function of BoneSkeletal support - force transmission
Protection
Mineral store
Blood formation - 24Function of: 1. Osteoblasts 2. Osteoclasts1. bone formation
2. bone resorption - 25Describe the ECMFramework of collagen fibres mineralised with calcium salts, proteoglycans
- 26General function of: 1. White fat 2. Brown fat1. Energy story, insulation & protection
2. Heat production - 27Describe white fat cellsCells which form from fibroblast-like precursors
• in mature adipocytes a single fat droplet occupies majority of the cell
• nucleus & cytoplasm is squeezed to the periphery of the cell - 28Describe the regulatory function of adipocytes• They produce adipokines which send signals to regulate nutritional balance & other symptoms
• They released leptin which signals to the brain when the body has had enough food - 29How does brown fat produce heat?By uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria
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- MD2001 Flashcards on Primary Tissue Types, created by Lareyna Mcmenemy on 16/07/2018.
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- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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