Flashcards
Lasc6 - Pragmatics & Discourse 2
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1Politenesscan be seen as ...
A) a static part of social life ("etiquette")
B) consisting of various maxims ("be modest, generous,...")
C) a principle of interaction - 2Politeness (Brown & Levinson 1987): definitiono = showing awareness of and consideration for another person's 'face‘
- 3Politeness face?o face: the public self-image people claim for themselves and expect others to recognize
- 4o positive face:positive self-image, group membership
- 5negative face:freedom of action and from imposition
- 6appropriate linguistic behavior attends to?appropriate linguistic behaviour attends to face-wants of self and other
face-threatening act (FTA) (vs. face-saving act) - 7“positive” facesocial aspect of self-image;
“I’m a good person, I’m a valuable member of society....” - 8“negative” faceindividual aspect of self-image;
“I want to be left alone & independent;
I don’t want to be imposed on & restricted in my freedom to move, choose etc.” - 9Positive politeness strategies:How about letting me use your pen?
Hi. How's it going? Okay if I sit here? We must be interested in the same crazy stuff. You take a lot of notes too, huh? Say, do me a big favor and let me use one of your pens. - 10Negative politeness strategies:Could you lend me a pen?
I know you're busy, but might I ask you if – em – if you happen to have an extra pen that I could, you know – eh – maybe borrow? - 11Face-threatening acts (FTAs) and face-saving acts exampleA: I'm going to tell him to stop that awful noise right now!
B: Perhaps you could just ask him if he is going to stop soon because it's getting
a bit late and people need to get to sleep. - 12Choosing a politeness strategy
- 13Discourse analysis= What people mean by texts of all kinds in particular contexts, and what is intended by text and how text is interpreted
Focus:
contextualized language use - 14'discourse':the process by which we use language to create and negotiate meaning
- 15'text':the product of the process of discourse
"Text is not an encoded arrangement of language above, or below the sentence, but a different phenomenon altogether: the overt linguistic trace of a process of negotiating [...] meaning, the pragmatic process of discourse realization, whereby the resources of the language code are used to engage with the context of beliefs, values, assumptions that constitute the user's social and individual reality. In this sense, text is an epiphenomenon. It exists as a symptom of pragmatic [or: communicative] intent." (Widdowson 2004:14) - 16My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. deixis
- 17My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. phorics
- 18My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. phorics - referring expressions
- 19My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. connector
- 20My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. lexical repetition
- 21My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. lexical relation: hyponymy (cp. semantics of EngLing!)
- 22My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible. semantic (meaning) relations: financial transactions
- 23My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometimes I think I'd rather have the convertible.
- 24Cohesionverbalized links between clauses and sentences
Yule (2014): the ties and connections between words that exist within texts (i.e. excl. dexis!)
> 'cohesive devices'
= internal co-textual links - 25Full fathom five thy father lies; of his bones are coral made. Those are pearls that were his eyes. (Shakespeare, Tempest, I,ii)
- 26Task 2 (for next week): Identify and label the cohesive devices you can findAndy Murray's mother has been appointed captain of Britain's Fed Cup team. The Lawn Tennis Association has confirmed that Judy Murray will lead Britain in their Europe-Africa Group I match against Israel in Eilat on 1-4 February and mentor other female performance coaches.
Murray, who was Scotland national coach for nine years, trained her son, a three-times grand slam finalist, early in his career and is still a familiar figure at the world No.4's matches – regularly jumping to her feet to shout encouragement from the stands. She also coached her elder son, Jamie, a Wimbledon mixed doubles champion in 2007. - 27Coherenceconnection of text with context, i.e. pragmatic meaning
Yule (2014): the connections that readers and listeners create in their minds to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of texts - 28cohesion- surface / textual level
- 29coherenceunderlying / level of meaning
Her: That's the telephone. Him: I'm in the bath.
Her: O.K. - 30On creating discourseJohn was on his way to school last Friday.
He was really worried about the math lesson.
Last week he had been unable to control the class.
It was unfair of the math teacher to leave him in charge. After all, it is not a normal part of a janitor's duties. - 31Schema definitions
- 32Scriptactions; 'a dynamic schema' – e.g. 'writing an exam'
- 33'co-constitutive' relationship between context and communication
- 34TASK 1: Sample conversation
- 35Task 2: Identify and label the cohesive devices you can findAndy Murray's mother has been appointed captain of Britain's Fed Cup team. The Lawn Tennis Association has confirmed that Judy Murray will lead Britain in their Europe-Africa Group I match against Israel in Eilat on 1-4 February and mentor other female performance coaches.
Murray, who was Scotland national coach for nine years, trained her son, a three-times grand slam finalist, early in his career and is still a familiar figure at the world No.4's matches – regularly jumping to her feet to shout encouragement from the stands. She also coached her elder son, Jamie, a Wimbledon mixed doubles champion in 2007.
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- Language in a Social Context (Dalton-Puffer) Flashcards on Lasc6 - Pragmatics & Discourse 2, created by Lisza Neumeier on 10/09/2018.
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