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Flashcards

Biology 1010 Ch. 2

daisy de anda English 63 cards

Cards in this deck (63)

  1. 1AnionA negative ion formed by gaining electrons
  2. 2Atomic numberThe number of protons in an atom
  3. 3CationA positive ion formed by losing electrons
  4. 4Chemical BondAn interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of molecules
  5. 5Covalent BondA type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between elements
  6. 6ElectronA negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a charge of -1
  7. 7Electron TransferThe movement of electrons from one element to another
  8. 8ElementA substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance
  9. 9Hydrogen BondA weak bond between partially postively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules
  10. 10IonAn atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge
  11. 11Ionic BondA chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges
  12. 12IsotopeOne or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
  13. 13Mass numberThe number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
  14. 14MatterAnything that has mass and occupies space
  15. 15NeutronA particle w/ no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1
  16. 16Nonpolar Covalent BondType of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charge as in polar covalent bonds
  17. 17Nucleus(Chemistry) the dense center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons ( except in hyrdogen bonds)
  18. 18Octet RuleThe outermost shell of an element with a low atomic number can hold eight electrons
  19. 19Polar Covalent BondCovalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and awsya from another, reulting sin slightly positive an sliglty negative charged regions of the molecule
  20. 20ProtonA positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
  21. 21Radioactive IsotopeAn isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element
  22. 22Van der Waals InteractionA weak attraction or interaction between molecules caused by slightly positivley charged or slightly negatively charged atoms
  23. 23AcidA substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH
  24. 24AdhesionThe attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance
  25. 25BaseA substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH
  26. 26BufferA solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
  27. 27CohesionThe intermolecular forces between water; molecules caused by the polar nature of water creates surface tension
  28. 28EvaporationThe release of water molecules from liquid water to form water vapor
  29. 29HydrophilicDescribes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
  30. 30HydrophobicDescribes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
  31. 31Litmus PaperFilter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye so it can be used as a pH indicator
  32. 32pH ScaleA scale ranging from 0-14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance
  33. 33SolventA substance capable of dissolving another substance
  34. 34Surface TensionThe cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating
  35. 35TemperatureA measure of molecular motion
  36. 36Amino AcidA monomer of a protein
  37. 37CarbohydrateA biological macromolecule
    - Carbon to hydrogen to oxygen ratio: 1:2:1
    - Serve as an energy source
    - Structural support in cells
  38. 38Cellulose- A polysaccharide
    - Makes up the cell walls of plants
    - Provides structural support to the cell
  39. 39Chitin- A carb
    - Forms the outer skeleton of arthropods (insects and crustaceans & the cell walls of fungi)
  40. 40Denaturation- Loss of shape in a protein due to changes in...
    Temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals
  41. 41Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)- The double-stranded polymer of nucleotides
    - Carries hereditary information of the cell
  42. 42Disaccharide- Two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
  43. 43EnzymeA catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein
  44. 44Fat- Lipid molecule
    - Consists of ...
    Glycerol (triglyceride) and three fatty acids that exist in a solid form at room temp.
  45. 45GlycogenA storage carbohydrate in animals
  46. 46Hormone- Chemical signaling molecule
    - Usually protein or steroid
    - Secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells
    - Acts to control or regulate physiological process
  47. 47Lipids- A class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water
  48. 48MacromoleculeA large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers
  49. 49MonosaccharideA single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
  50. 50Nucleic Acid- The biological macromolecule that carries genetic info. of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
  51. 51Nucleotide- A monomer of nucleic acids
    - Contains pentose sugar
    - Phosphate group
    - Nitrogenous base
  52. 52OilAn unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
  53. 53Phosphlipid- A major constituent of the membranes of cells
    - Composed of two fatty acids & a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone
  54. 54Polypeptide- A long chain of amino acids
    - Linked by peptide bonds
  55. 55PolysaccharideA long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched
  56. 56ProteinA biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
  57. 57Ribonucleic Acid ( RNA )A single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that are involved in protein synthesis
  58. 58Saturated Fatty Acid- Long- chain hydrocarbon w/single covalent bonds in the carbon chain
    - # of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized
  59. 59StarchA storage carbohydrate in plants
  60. 60SteroidA type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings
  61. 61Trans-FatA form of unsaturated fat w/ the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
  62. 62Triglyceride- A fat molecule
    - Consists of three fatty acids linked to glycerol molecule
  63. 63Unsaturated Fatty AcidA long chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

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Flashcards on Biology 1010 Ch. 2, created by daisy de anda on 10/09/2018.
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