15054578
Description
Flashcards by daisy de anda, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by daisy de anda
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Microscope | The instrument that magnifies an object |
| Unified Cell Theory | - Biological concept - States that... ALL organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, & new cells arise from existing cells |
| Eukaryotic Cell | - Has a membrane-bound nucleus - Has several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs |
| Organelle | A membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell |
| Organelle | A membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell |
| Prokaryotic Cell | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle |
| Cell Wall | - Rigid cell covering made of celluolse in.. Plants, Peptidoglycan in bacteria, non-peptidoglycan compounds in Archaea & Chitin in fungi that protects the cell - Provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell |
| Central Vacuole | - Large plant cell organelle that acts as a storage compartment - Water reservoir - Site of macromolecule degradation |
| Chloroplast | A plant cell organelle that carries our photosynthesis |
| Cilium | - Short, hair-like structure - Extends from the plasma membrane in large numbers - Used to move an entire cell or move substances along the outer surface of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | - Entire region between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope - Consists of organelles suspended in gel-like cytostol, cytoskeleton, & various chemical |
| Cytoskeleton | - A network of protein fibers that collectively maintain the shape of the cell - Secures some organelles in a specific position - Allows cytoplasm & vesicles to move within the cell - Enables unicellular organisms to move |
| Cytosol | The gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended |
| Desmosome | - A linkage between adjacent epithelial cells that forms when cadherins in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments |
| Endomembrane System | The group of organelles & membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | - Interconnected membranous structures within Eukaryotic cells - Collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids |
| Extracellular Matrix | - Collagen, glycoproteins, & proteoglycans; secreted from animal cells that hold cells together as a tissue - Allows cells to communicate w/ each other, & provides mechanical protection & anchoring for cells in the tissue |
| Flagellum | - Long - Hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane and is used to move the cell |
| Gap Junction | - A channel between 2 adjacent aminal cells that allows.. ions, nutrients, and other low-molecular-weight substances to pass between the cells - Enables communciation |
| Golgi Apparatus | - Eukaryotic organelle - Made up of stacked membranes that... sorts, tags & packages lipids & proteins for distribution |
| Lysosome | - Organelle in animal cell acts as a digestive component - Breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, & worn-out organelles |
| Mitochondria | - The powerhouse of the cell - Responsible for carrying out cellular respiration - Production of ATP - Cell's main energy-carrying molecule |
| Nuclear Envelope | - Double-membrane structure - Constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus |
| Nucleus | - Cell organelle houses DNA - Directs synthesis of ribosomes & proteins |
| Peroxisome | - Small, round organelle - Contains hydrogen peroxide - Oxides fatty acids & amino acids - Detoxifies many poisons |
| Plasma Membrane | - Phospholipid bilayer w/ embedded or attached proteins that separate the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding enviroment |
| Plasmamodesma | A channel that passes between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells - Connects their cytoplasm - Allows materials to be transported from cell to cell |
| Ribosome | A cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | - Studded w/ ribosomes - Engages in protein modification |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ( SER ) | - Has fewer ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface - Synthesizes carbs, lipids, & steroid hormones - Detoxifies chemical such as... ( Pesticides, preservatives, medications, & environmental pollutants, and stores calcium ions ) |
| Tight Junction | A firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein adherence |
| Vacuole | - Membrane-bound sac - Larger than a vesicle - Functions in cellular storage & transport |
| Vesicle | - Small - Membrane-bound sac - Cellular storage and transport - A membrane capable of fusing w/ the plasma membrane - Including the endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | A model of the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and glycolipids, resulting in a fluid rather than static character |
| Concentration Gradient | An area of high concentration across from an area of low concentration |
| Diffusion | - The passive process of transport low-molecular weight down its concentration gradient |
| Facilitated Transport | - Material moves down a concentration gradient using integral membrane ( from high to low ) |
| Hypertonic | A solution in which extracellular fluid has higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell |
| Hypotonic | A solution which extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell |
| Isotonic | Describes a solution in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell |
| Osmolarity | The total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution |
| Osmosis | The transport of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentrarion across a membrane |
| Passive Transport | A method of transporting material that does not require energy |
| Selectivley Permeable | The characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others |
| Solute | A substance dissolved in another to form a solution |
| Tonicity | The amount of solute in a solution |
| Active Transport | The method of transporting material that requires energy |
| Electrochemical Gradient | - A gradient produced by a chemical and electrical gradient combined |
| Endocytosis | - Type of active transport - Moves substances such as fluids & particles into a cell |
| Exocytosis | A process of passing material out of a cell |
| Phagocytosis | - Takes macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid - A variation of endocytosis |
| Pinocytosis | - Takes solutes that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid - A variation of endocytosis |
| Receptor-mediated Endocytosis | - Variant of endocytosis - Involves the use of a specific binding protein in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles |
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