Flashcards
Behaviourism and Social Learning Theory: conditioning
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1Behavioural AO1All behaviour is from environment. Research from observing (Lab Experiments).
Animals and humans learn the same. - 2Classical conditioning AO1Behavioural - Pavlov - Learning by associations.
- 3Pavlov's Dogs A01Food (UCS) = Dog salivating (UCR).
Bell = No response.
Bell + Food = salvation.
Bell (CR) = Salivate (CR) - 4Operant Conditioning AO1Behavioural - Skinner's Rats -
learning learning by consequences - 5Positive ReinforcementReceiving a reward
- 6Negative reinforcementoccurs when performing an action stops something unpleasant happening.
- 7PunishmentThis is an unpleasant consequence for not doing something.
- 8Skinner's box AO1A rat presses a lever for food (Positive reinforcement)
A rat presses a lever to stop being electrocuted (Negative reinforcement) - 9Applications of Behaviourism AO3Behaviorism has increased our understanding of the causes of phobias and attachment.
It has also given rise to therapies such as systematic desensitisation and token economy. - 10Evaluation of BehaviourismPavlov vs Watson and Reyner (little Albert)
It introduced the scientific methods to psychology e.g: Highly controlled lab experiments
Animals vs Humans
Classical and operant conditioning have also been used to explain attachment.
It sees people as passive in their learning with little conscious thoughts influencing their behavior; other approaches recognise the importance of mental events in the learning process.
NO FREE WILL - 11Learning Approach: Social Learning Theory (AO1)Bandura agreed with the behaviourists
He argued that we learn through observation and imitation of others’ behaviour.
This theory focuses not only on the behavior itself but also on the mental processes involved - 12Stages of the Social Learning Theory (AO1)Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation - 13vicarious reinforcement.Imitation is more likely to occur if the model (the person who performs the behavior) is positively reinforced.
- 14Bobo doll study. (method)It was a lab experiment. Sample: American children, 36 boys and 36 girls aged between 3-6 years old
split into 3 groups - 15Bobo Doll study (Results)The children who had observed the aggressive model (group 1) were more aggressive than the children from the other two groups.
Group 1 imitated specific aggressive acts that were displayed by the model.
Boys imitated more physically aggressive acts than girls. - 16Bobo Doll repeated (method)Group 1: the model was praised
Group 2: the model was punished (told off)
Group 3: no consequences for the aggressive behavior - 17Bobo Doll repeat ResultsWhen left on their own to play the children in group 1 showed the most aggression followed by group 3. Group 2 was the least aggressive.
When left on their own to play the children in group 1 showed the most aggression followed by group 3. Group 2 was the least aggressive. - 18Bobo doll AO3- laboratory experiments and the task did not reflect the way the participants behave in their normal life.
-children were aggressive towards a doll which they know does not feel pain and cannot retaliate; their behavior might be different towards another child.
-(demand characteristics).
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by Becca Cooper on 16/09/2018.
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