Flashcards
Important Definitions - FLA
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1Acquisitionunconsciouse acitvity
picking it up
intuitive
procedural knowledge - 2learningconscious activity
attention to form
deliberate
declarative knowledge - 3phylogeneticreferring to the development of the human species as a whole
- 4ontogeneticreferring to the development of one organism/ one human being
- 5FLA Milestones1.) prelinguistic stage
2.) single-word utterances
3.) two-word utterances
4.) simple sentences - 6Prelinguistic stagereceptive pre-natal experience: prosody, rhythm, maternal voice > receptive ability well developed at birth (INPUT)
productive ability (OUTPUT)
-Cooing (0-4 m)
-Babbling (from 5 m): experimenting with speech sounds, reduplication da da da, CV syllables - 7Single word utterances-first word at around 12 m (80-100 words understood when first word is produced)
-context-bound (names for ppl, food, body, parts, toys, clothes)
Holophrastic stage: first word conveys the meaning of a whole sentence (food - give me food; up - pick me up)
vocab size: first 50 words (slow growth rate); vocabulary spurt in year 2; age 24m: 50-550 age 6: - 15 000
influencing factors: amount/quality of input, birth order, caretaker responsiveness, phonological memory - 8Two word stage frequent combinationsagent + action: Daddy sit
action + object: drive car
agent + object: Mummy sock
entity + location: toy floor
entity + attribute: crayon big
no morphology/overt grammar - 9Simple sentencesgradual emergence of grammatical forms
grammar well developed by 4 yrs
gramm. forms in order of acquistion
1. present progressive - ing
2. plural -s
3. irregular past (broke, went, brought)
4. possessive s
5. copular is
6. articles
7. regular past (-ed) (runned, breaked, bringed) overextension - 10simplified language adults speak to children''motherese'', ''child-directed speech'' (CDS), ''caregiver speech)
-more slowly
-more clearly
-in a higher pitch
-exaggerated intonation
-generally grammatical sentences
BUT: not morpho syntactically more simple - 11Three central problems in first language acquisition and development-How do children crack the code?
-Is it nature or nurture?
-Is there a critical period? - 12Three main theoretical positions on LA-Behaviorism (psychology - Skinner)
-Innatist persepctive/ Generativism (linguistics - Chomsky)
-Interactionist and developmental perspectives (cognitive and developmntal psychology, psycholinguistics - Piaget, Vygotsky, Tomasello)
The central debate: Nature or Nurture? - 13different theories of LA-nativism (strong)
-interactionism/constructivism - 14Nativism-LL is rapid, effortless, no instruction
-special mental mechanisms for LL (LAD)
-LL happens to a child like growth of teh body
-Chomsky - 15Interactionism/ constructivismLL is variable and gradual, social interaction is crucial
-child uses general cognitive and processing abilities to also learn language
-child is an active, constructive agent
-Piaget, Vygotsky, Tomasello (still differences) - 16unitary system hypothesis (bilingual)one lexicon/grammar
lexical items of L1 and L2 complement each other - 17separate systems hypothesis (bilingual)two lexicons/grammars
complementary items due to context of learning
can adjus language choice to addressee
--> not two monolinguals in one head
Information
- Description
- Language in a Social Context Flashcards on Important Definitions - FLA, created by Lisza Neumeier on 24/09/2018.
- Created by
- Lisza Neumeier · Sep 2018
- Updated
- Sep 24, 2018
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