Flashcards
BE428 Lecture 4: Probability
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1what is probability?a mathematical description of randomness and a way to measure/quantify uncertainty
- 2what is a random experiment?an experiment whose outcome cannot be predicted in advance
- 3what is the definition of sample space?the list of all possible outcomes of a random experiment
- 4what is the definition of an event?a collection of outcomes of the random experiment that are of particular interest
- 5what is the range of probability that an event might happen?0 - 1
- 6what are the three main methods used for quantifying random behaviour?relative frequency
equally likely outcomes
probability rules - 7what is relative frequency?number of times event occurred/total number of repetitions
- 8what is the issue with relative frequency and how can it be rectified?provides only an estimate of the probability of an event occurring
the more repetitions that are performed the closer it gets to the true probability - 9how is the probability of equally likely outcomes calculated?estimated by counting how many of the outcomes satisfy or make up the event and divide this by the total number of outcomes in the sample space
- 10what is probability rule one?for any event 0 ≤ P ≤ 1
- 11what is probability rule two?the sum of all the probabilities for all the outcomes must be equal to 1
- 12what is probability rule three?the complement rule
P(not O) = 1 - P(O)
P(O) = 1 - P(not O) - 13what is probability rule four?addition rule
Disjoint Events: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - 14what is probability rule five?multiplication rule for independent events
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) - 15what is probability rule six?general addition rule (unrestricted)
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) - 16what is probability rule seven?general multiplication rule
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B|A) - 17what are disjoint events?events that it is impossible to have occur together
mutually exclusive events - 18what are independent events?two events are independent if knowing whether one occurs does not affect the probability that the other event occurs
- 19what are dependent events?two events are dependent if knowing whether one event occurs does affect the probability that the other event occurs
- 20what is the definition of conditional probability?P(B|A) = P(A and B)/P(A)
- 21what are the conditions that make two events dependent?P(B|A) = P(B)
P(A|B) = P(A)
P(B|A) = P(B|not A)
P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)
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- 4 BE428 Flashcards on BE428 Lecture 4: Probability, created by Caitlin M on 26/09/2018.
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