15718320
Description
Flashcards by Natasha Gidluck, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Natasha Gidluck
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Surficial Geology | The study of geologic deposits around and on the surface of the earth |
| Landforms | Things that make up the surface of the landscape (rivers, valleys, cliffs, dunes, etc.) |
| Bedrock | The underlying rock that lies below soil or other unconsolidated deposits |
| Unconsolidated Sediments | Loose sediment that has not been cemented and takes the form of sand and gravel instead of sandstone or conglomerate rocks |
| Stereoscopes | A tool that geologists use to make 2D images appear 3D in order to assess landforms |
| Glacial Deposits | Sediment that is deposited because of a glacier disturbing the section on top of land mass or the sides or bottom of rocky areas |
| Soils | The result of surface weathering or underlying deposits of rock |
| Alluvium | Unconsolidated clastic that is deposited by moving waterways (streams, rivers, etc.) |
| Ultramafic | Very dark rocks consisting of mainly olivine with some pyroxene |
| Mafic | Contain olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase and sometimes amphibole |
| Intermediate | Contain plagioclase, hornblende, quartz, and sometimes pyroxene, biotite, and K-feldspar |
| Felsic | Contain plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, amphibole and biotite |
| Intrusive | Has a phaneritic texture |
| Extrusive | Has an aphanitic texture |
| Name Modifier | Applies when a rock is porphyritic or vesicular instead of intrusive or extrusive |
| Quartz Arenites | Rocks containing 90% or more quartz |
| Feldspathic Arenites | Rocks containing less than 90% quartz but more/= than 50% alkali feldspar |
| Lithic Arenites | Rocks containing less than 90% quartz but more/= than 50% lithic grains |
| Depositional Structures | Form as a result of physical processes that act upon sediment. Can include planar bedding, ripple marks, cross bedding or graded bedding |
| Planar Bedding | When there are linear and horizontal settling of grains that results from a low energy flow |
| Ripple Marks | Repeating waves that can be cross laminae, asymmetrical or symmetrical |
| Cross Bedding | Large scale ripple cross lamina that can occur due to wind or water and show the direction of the stress |
| Graded Bedding | Where a layer will display a gradual change in grain or particle size |
| Stress and Strain | Are responsible for most of the textural changes in metamorphic rocks |
| Foliation | When a metamorphic rock has a layered appearance due to parts of the original rock being aligned into horizontal planes |
| Regional Deformation | How foliation occurs and is a large scale even such as mountain building |
| Index Minerals | Mark the increasingly higher grades of metamorphism in the order: chlorite, biotite, garnet, kyanite |
| Porphyroblasts | When metamorphic minerals appear as large crystals in a finer-grained matrix |
| Ooids | Approximately spherical grains that appear in different limestones |
| Classification of Limestones | Mud supported Limestones: Mudstone Wackestone Grain supported Limestones: Packstone Grainstone Original components are bound: Coral boundstone Stromatolite Boundstone |
| Foliated Metamorphic Rocks | Mudstone or shale: slate phyllite schist Mudstone or Igneous felsic rock: gneiss |
| Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks | Sandstone—Quartzite Conglomerate—metaconglomerate Limestone or Dolostone—Marble Basalt or Gabbro—Amphibolite |
| Mount Yamnuska | The surficial geology lab which was a ridge that had oceanic crust that was thrust-faulted on top of the younger sedimentary crust |
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