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Flashcards

Oral cavity

Soph B English 37 cards

Cards in this deck (37)

  1. 1Explain the boundaries and difference between the oral cavity proper and the vestibuleOral Cavity Proper: Anterior border is the teeth, posterior us the isthmus, floor is the tongue, mylohyoid and geniohyoid, the roof is the soft and hard palates. The hard palate is made up of the maxilla and horizontal plates of the palatine bone
    Vestibule: anteriorly bordered by the lips and cheeks, posteriorly bordered by the teeth
  2. 2Deciduous and permanent dentition, and the differences between themDeciduous: 2I, C1, M2
    Permanent teeth: 2I, C1, P2, M3
    Deciduous teeth only have 2 molars and no pre molars
  3. 3Commissures, philtrum, cupids bow, labiomental groove, vermillion borderlocate on face
  4. 4What is the function of saliva?- Mucin softens and lubricates mucous membranes
    - Balances the pH and keeps oral surfaces clean
    - Enzymes (lysozymes) in saliva restrict the growth of bacteria
    - Essential for speech production (avoid dry mouth)
  5. 5What are the salivary glands?Parotid, submandubular, sublingual
  6. 6Describe the parotid glands- Serous secretions rich in amylaze
    - Empty via the parotid duct into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar
    - approx. 25% of saliva output
    - Innervated by the facial nerve
  7. 7Describe the submandibular glands- Located on the floor of the mouth
    - approx. 70% of salivary output
    - Mainly serous secretions
    - Drained by submandibular ducts that open either side of the lingual frenulum
  8. 8Describe the sublingual glands- Produces mucous that acts as a buffer and lubricant
    - Drained by the sublingual ducts that open either side of the lingual frenulum
  9. 9What are the intrinsic tongue muscles and what is their main action and innervation?- Superior longitudinal
    - Inferior longitudinal
    - Transverse muscle
    - vertical muscle
    - All innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
    - Both attachments within the tongue
    - Change the shape of the tongue
  10. 10Action of the superior longitudinal muscleShortens the tongue, and lifts the tip and edges upward to form a trough
  11. 11Action of the inferior longitudinal tongue muscleShortens the tongue or pulls inferiorly
  12. 12Action of the transverse tongue muscleContraction causes tongue to narrow and elongate
  13. 13Action of the vertical tongue muscleWhen contracted, the tongue is flattened
  14. 14What are the extrinsic tongue muscles, and what is their main action and innervation?- Genioglossus
    - Styloglossus
    - Palatoglossus
    - Hyoglossus
    They are all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, except palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve. The move tongue position
  15. 15What is the action of genioglossus?Retract the tongue and draw the tongue anteriorly
  16. 16What is the action of styloglossusDraws the tongue upwards and back
  17. 17What is the action of palatoglossus?Lowers the soft palate or raises the back of the tongue
  18. 18What is the action of hyoglossus?Retracts and depresses the tongue, and elevates the hyoid bone
  19. 19What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?extends from the base of the skull to the soft palate
  20. 20What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?Extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone
  21. 21What are the suprahyoid muscles, what are their actions and innervation.Suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid bone.
    - Digastric
    - Stylohyoid
    - Mylohyoid
    - Geniohyoid
  22. 22What is the action of the digastric muscle?- Anterior belly draws the hyoid superiorly and inferiorly, the posterior belly draws the hyoid superiorly and posteriorly
  23. 23What is the action of the stylohyoid muscle?Draws the hyoid superiorly and posteriorly
  24. 24What is the action of the mylohyoid muscle?Elevates the hyoid bone
  25. 25What is the action of the geniohyoid muscle?Elevates the hyoid superiorly and anteriorly
  26. 26Describe phase one of swallowing (including the oral prep phase)- Mastication and bolus formation
    - Lip compression
    - Soft palate closes onto back of tongue
    - Palatoglossus elevates posterior tongue
    - Anterior tongue presses against hard palate and bolus is pushed back
    - Hyoid bone elevates and moves forward
    - Back of tongue moves backward and upward which palatoglossal arches narrow
    - Bolus passes through oropharyngeal isthmus into the oropharynx
  27. 27Describe phase 2 of swallowing- Elevate soft palate, contract palatopharyngeal sphincter and superior constrictor muscle, pushing soft palate and posterior pharyngeal walls together
    - pharynx, hyoid bone and larynx all elevate
    - true vocal folds constricted
    - Epiglottis folds down to block food entering the larynx
  28. 28Describe phase 3 of swallowing- Inferior glottal constrictor contracts, compressing bolus into oesophagus
    - peristalsis
  29. 29boundaries of the laryngopharynxextends from the hyoid bone to the oesophagus
  30. 30what 5 muscles elevate, depress, and tense the soft palate?- Palatoglossus
    - Palatopharyngeus
    - Levator veli palatini
    - Tensor veli palatini
    - Musculus uvulae
  31. 31What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles, what is their action and innervationSuperior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors. The constrict the pharynx to propel the bolus into the esophagus, and are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, consisting of branches of the vagus nerve
  32. 32What are the muscles that elevate the larynx- Palatopharyngeus
    - Salpingopharyngeus
    - Stylopharyngeus
    All elevate the pharynx and larynx, they are all innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, with palato and salpingopharyngeus being innervated by the vagus branches, and stylopharyngeus being innervated by the glossopharyngeal
  33. 33Which muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing and what is its innervation?Levator veli palitini, innervated by the vagus nerve
  34. 34describe the typical structure of a toothCrown: Visible part of tooth covered by enamel (hardest part of a tooth)
    Neck: small region between crown and root
    Root: covered by cementum (bone like substance covering roots)
    -Enamel and cementum cover the dentin, dentin is avascular and continues to form throughout life but does not regenerate
    - deep to the dentin is the pulp cavity which contains dental pulp, it is rich in nerves and blood vessels
    - Each tooth sits in an alveolus lined by a peridontal ligament to form a fibrous gomphosis
    Innervated by the trigeminal nerve
  35. 35describe the structure of the lips (rima oris) from superficial to deep- Skin (stratified squamous epithelium - keratinised)
    - Muscular tissue (orbicularis oris)
    - Glandular tissue
    - Mucous membrane (stratified squamous epithelium)
  36. 36What is the alimentary tractOral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus
  37. 37—

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Flashcards on Oral cavity, created by Soph B on 27/10/2018.
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Soph B
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