Flashcards

Classical Sculpture: Greek and Roman Statues

nabilaasyifa English 53 cards

The Kroisos Kouros C. 530 BCE - Votive/Funeral Statue - Schematic but the face is naturalistic (different than human). -…

Cards in this deck (53)

1—The Kroisos Kouros
C. 530 BCE
- Votive/Funeral Statue
- Schematic but the face is naturalistic (different than human).
- Kalokatathia Arete - "To be beautiful from the inside, it has to be beautiful from the outside."
- Life-sized - 6ft.
- Died when he was young, on a battle.
2—The Peplos Kore (Maiden)
C. 530 BCE
- Votive: Female, dedicated to Athena.
- Less appreciated by public (private).
- Polychrome: painted in colors (bright).
- Not nude - female can't be depicted nude.
- Realism of human form.
- Pinch smile.
3—Aphrodite of Knidos
Praxiteles
4th Century BCE
Greek
- Goddess of Love and Sex: depicted nude .
- People were surprised because of the nudity (resemble prostitute).
- Realism of human form.
4—Apulu of Veii
C. 520-510 BCE
Etruscan
Terracotta
- Archaic smile, plastic hair.
- Not represented Nude.
5—Ara Pacis Augustae
12-9 BCE
Roman
Marble
- Built for the celebration of the return of Augustus.
- Open-air.
- Bucrania (Cow skull) in between garlands.
- Paterae (sacrificing bowl).
6—Ara Pacis Augustae
12-9 BCE
Roman
Marble
- Augustus has brought peace (bird and whale), prosperity, and fertility.
- Goddess of Roma is sitting in a pile of enemy's armor.
7—Ara Pacis Augustae (North Side)
12-9 BCE
Roman
Marble
- Showing the officials and the army who fought for the war.
8—Ara Pacis Augustae (North Side)
12-9 BCE
Roman
Marble
- Showing Augustus and his family.
- Relation with deity.
9—Ara Pacis Augustae (North Side)
12-9 BCE
Roman
Marble
- Souvetaurelia: Cow or bull, pig, sheep sacrifice.
- Showing proper way of doing the ritual.
10—Apotheosis Scene, Column Base of Antonius Pius
Ca. 160 CE
- Funerary Monument
- Apotheosis: turning to deity if did not die during the war.
- Eagles: Representation of Jupiter.
- Decursio: Funerary ritual.
- Paganism -> Christianity.
11—Christ Helios, Tomb of Julii
4th Cent. CE
Roman
- Syncretism: fusion of religious belief of practices.
- Jesus: The God of Sun - Helios.
12—Duro Europos Synagogue
244 CE
Late Roman
- Spolia from the Temple of Jerusalem which was destroyed by the Roman.
- Aaron depicted as jewish.
- Moses's Parting the Red Sea event:
* Egyptian style
* God's hand from the above.
13—Basilica of San Vitale
526-547 BCE
Ravenna, Italy
- Roman -> Christianized.
- Bishop: Graphical leader of a church who perform rituals.
- Decorated in mosaic.
- Jesus depicted as emperor with crown, and brownish color clothing, and no beard.
14—Justinian Mosaic, Basilica of San Vitale
526-547 BCE
Ravenna, Italy
- Crown and purple cloak: Emperor.
- Placed in the middle.
- Clustered feat, round face.
- Maximianus - finished the church.
15—Theodora Mosaic, Basilica of San Vitale
526-547 BCE
Ravenna, Italy
- Justinian's wife: purple, in the center, no overlap, taller.
- Very faithful.
- Women can't be in ritual.
16—The Temple of Athena Parthenos (Parthenon)
iktinos, Kallikrates and Phidias (Statue)
440-430 BCE
Athens, Greece.
- Classically doric: No column base, conical capital, triglyph and metope.
- Peristyle: Surrounding column.
- Ionic Feature: Ionic column inside which has continuos frieze.
- Cella (Naos): Cult Statue of Athena Parthenos by Phidias, ca. 440 BCE
* Votive.
17—Temple of Portunus
1st Cent. BCE
Rome
- Pseudoperipteral.
- Ionic:
* Capital
* Column Base
* Continuos Frieze.
Roman:
- Frontal stairs.
- Frontal column.
- High Podium.
18—Pantheon
118-125 CE
Constructed during the reign of Emperor Hadrian
- Roman Architecture: Frontal stairs and plain decoration, Concrete dome (revolution).
- Turned into a catholic church.
- Corinthian order: Similar with ionic but has a volute acanthus leaves capital.
- Oculus: giant hole in the dome.
- Arches to support the building.
19—Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
500 CE
Ravenna, Italy
Past:
- Sacrifice was done outside and the inside was place for god.
Present:
- Basilica style: 3 aisles and 1 apse.
- Fancy Interior.
- Beams instead of narrow.
- Clerestory, Apse, Nave, Aisle.
20—Hagia Sophia
532-537, Early Byzantine
Constantinople
- Used to be church, but changed to mosque.
- Cover in mozaic.
- Maintains high arches, huge dome, with windows.
- Dome: weight is put in the triangular pedentive.
- Circular structure.
- Built by Justinian.
21—Saint-Sernin
Ca.1070-1120, Dark Ages, Later Medieval Period
Toulouse (France)
- Stone instead of concrete.
- Crosss-formed.
- Crypt: Religious journey to be forgiven, as pilgrimage's stops.
- Relics:
Primary: Fingerbone, arm, leg, etc.
Secondary: Sth. that a saint touch.
22—Saint Denis
Rebuilt 1140-1144
North of Paris, France
- Gothic
- Groin Vault
- Taller and higher building: ponted.
- Light and dark contrast.
- Clerestory, Triforium, and Nave Arcade.
23—Amiens Cathedral
Begun, 1220
Robert de Luzarches,
Thomas de Cormont and Renaud de Cormon
24—Saint Chapelle
1243-1248
Paris, France
- Louis the IX Family Chapel.
- Narrowed stone
- Stained glass all over.
25—Florence Cathedral
Filippo Brunelleschi
15th century
Florence, Italy
- Early Medieval Period
- Facade.
- Gothic.
- Hollowed Dome, the last judgement painting.
- Decorative: Polychrome and painting.
- 2 aisle, 1 apse.
26—Sant'Andrea
Leon Battista Alberti and Viruvius
Begun in 1472
Mantua
- Classical.
- Alberti and Vitruvius: Guide to build a building.
- High central arch with two columns facade like Arch de Triomphe.
- Roman:
* Barel Vault
* Pediment
27—Tiempietto (Little Temple)
Donato Bramante
1502
Rome
- St. Peter - first pope of catholic church, dedicated to St. Peter.
- Tuscan order, similar to doric.
- Engaged column interior.
- Circular shaped.
- Has exterior column.
28—Villa Rotonda
Andrea Palladio
1560s
Vicenza
- Borrowed from pantheon.
- Big dome in the middle.
- Palladian architecture:
* Symmetrical.
* Temple side facade with wings on the side.
29—Saint Peter Square
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
1650s-1660s
Rome
- Basilica with two aisles.
- Rebuilt and has a large monumental dome.
- Decoration-focused.
- Semi-circular wing.
- Center = opulus, with two fountains on the sides.
- Tuscan/doric colonade.
- Dentials.
30—Saint Paul's Cathedral
1670s-1720s
Sir Christopher Wren
London
- Copy of St. Peter.
- Highly decorated interior.
- Light contrast between the choir and the nave (sitting area).
- Crossed shaped.
- Has a dome.
- Facade:
* pediments.
* 2 columns.
* 2 towers.
* sculpture.
31—Chateau de Chambord
1520s
Blois, France
- Fortified Chateau/castle.
- Used for defense.
- Big house in the center.
- Spiral staircases.
- Classicizing:
* Arches
* Little Dome.
- Gothic and classic style.
- Decorated chimney.
32—Solomon Guggenheim Museum
Frank Lloyd Wright
1959
New York City, NY
- Circular
- No column.
- Could see the art from different angles.
- Modern paintings only.
- Intended to have a studio for artist.
33—Guggenheim Bilbao
1997
Frank Gehry
Spain
- Geometric shape
- Light and texture-focused.
- Reflective.
- Irregular Interior and Exterior.
- Curve shapes than straight line.
34—Guggenheim Abu Dhabi
Frank Gehry
2017 (Anticipated)
35—Centre Georges Pompidou
Renzo Piano and Richard Rodgers
1977
Paris, France
- Woods - not usually used for modern architecture.
- Gelatinous top.
- Make an impact on how the city looks.
- 3 galleries with 3 different views of the city.
36—Centre Pompidou Metz
Sherigu Ban
2010
- Woods - not usually used for modern architecture.
- Gelatinous top.
- Make an impact on how the city looks.
- 3 galleries with 3 different views of the city.
37—National Gallery of Art
I.M. Pei
1978
Washington, D.C.
- Focused on geometry: triangle, pyramids.
- No right angle.
- Highly criticized: too modern.
38—The Dying Gaul
Pergamon Victory Monument
2nd C. BCE
Athens
- Gaulic Style: Sticking up hair, necklace around his neck, handlebar mustache.
39—The Ludovisi Gaul
Pergamon Victory Monument
2nd C. BCE
Athens
- Concquered in battle - nude.
- Ready to kill himself, after killing his wife for her own good.
- Honorable suicide.
40—Theater of Pompey and Temple of Venus Victrix,
55 BCE, Rome
- first permanent theatre in Rome
-currently still visible in the city
plan of Rome
-contained Temple of Venus Victrix,
as well as a new curia (Senate
house)
- Built from spolia, money that he got during the campaign.
- Pompey:
* Religiously pius.
* Good with senator.
* Love the public.
41—The Forum of Caesar and Temple of Venus
Genetrix
46-30 BCE
Rome
- Public space - marketplace.
- Right angle.
- Open-space.
- Emphasizing blood relation w/ Venus.
- Victory monuments.
- Temple, forum, and a senate house - respond to Pompey.
42—The Arch of Titus
70 AD
Rome
- Depiction:
* Triumph (victory parade).
* Taking jewish valuable possesions.
- Mark the route of the triumph.
- Apotheosis of Titus.
* Wing: ready to join with other Gods.
43—The Forum of Trajan
Apollodorus of Damascus
112-118 AD
Rome
- Trajan's empire was the biggest.
- The largest forum, built from the money he got from war.
- Basilica Ulpia: Low court building for public administrator.
- Polychrome: Frieze and historical relief.
- Temple to Deified Trajan.
- Marketplace.
- Library.
44—The Column of Trajan
Apollodorus of Damascus
112-118 AD
Rome
- Trajan was buried here and expected to be deified.
- Historical frieze.
- Depiction of two edited dacian wars.
* Schematic river war.
* Trajan looking at heads.
* Depiction of battle.
- Placed between libraries.
45—- 1st Emperor who converted to Christianity.
- Front side: Constantine period.
- Spolia tha depicts social activities from: Monument of Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Dacian from Trajan forum.
- Classicizing parts.
There's a stylistic change between periods.
46—Confederate Memorial Arlington National
Cemetery
Moses Ezeikel
1914
- Civil war.
- Monuments to lost cause: Strong resistant to move on from the past.
- Classicizing memorials: noble and sacrificing.
- Bottom: greek gods, funerary urns, constitution, confederacy.
47—Shaw Memorial
Augustus Saint-Gaudens
1884
- Dedicated to Cornel Shaw.
- African American: Changes - allowed on troops, depicted to have power as well.
48—African American Civil War Memorial, Spirit of Freedom
Ed Hamilton
1997
- List of troops' names who died.
- Hands on the trigger.
- Navy with ship's wheel.
- Soldiers with wife.
- Mother is taking care of the children.
- Spirit of freedom.
49—The Washington Monument
1848-1884
- High opulus.
- Roman Style.
- Power of republican government.
- 40 yrs: change of colors in the monument.
- Non figurative: no kingdom.
- Massive: importance of the monument.
50—Ulysses S. Grant Memorial
Henry Shady
1902-1924
- US General, then became president.
- Located in battle.
- Figural Monument.
51—The Vietnam Memorial, 1981, Maya Lin
- Not sure what to fight for.
- Name of people who died are scratched.
52—National World War II Memorial
2004
- Victory monument: pacific, eagles, and crown.
- Non-figurative, classicizing.
- Lincoln and Washington memorial from the fountain.
-Public feeling: more visibly tangible.
53—National D-Day Memorial, Bedford Virginia, 2001
- Real representation of what happened.