Flashcards
Week 4: Remembering and Forgetting
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1ConsolidationTerm used in neuroscience to describe the overall complicated process of how short-term (fragile) memories are ‘consolidated’ into longer-term (strong) memories over time.
- 2HippocampusBrain structure that has very important role in the neural consolidation of new memories into longer-term memories.
- 3Systems consolidationThe gradual reorganization of neural circuits.
As an analogy think of a neuron like a plant - 4Synaptic consolidationStructural changes occur at the synapse. Changes to facilitate neural firing is referred to as long-term potentiation and changes that occur to diminish firing is called long-term depression.
- 5Neurogenesis- the growth and development of nervous tissues, ie new neurons.
- One of the major sites for neurogenesis is in the dentate gyrus within the hippocampal formation in the brain. - 6Temporally graded retrograde amnesiaRetrograde amnesia has been found to typically occur in a graded fashion. That is, people with retrograde amnesia tend to lose more recent memories compared to older ones.
- 7AmygdalaBrain structure that has large role in emotional processing and modulates activity of hippocampus to facilitate formation of memories that have a lot of emotion attached to them.
- 8Flashbulb memoryTerm used to describe a highly arousing experience associated with strong emotion that results in a quickly formed strong memory trace that typically lasts for a long time without necessarily requiring a lot of retrieval practice to recall.
- 9Are flashbulb memories subject to standard mechanisms of distortion over time during retrieval?Yes. Contrary to popular belief, flashbulb memories are not like a photograph and are subject to standard mechanisms of distortion over time during retrieval.
- 10Weapon focus effectTerm used to describe a highly arousing experience associated with strong emotion (e.g., happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, among others) that results in a quickly formed strong memory trace that typically lasts for a long time without necessarily requiring a lot of retrieval practice to recall.
- 11Levels of processing theoryThe simple notion that engaging in more elaborative (deeper) encoding will lead to the formation of stronger memories compared to non-elaborative (shallow) mental processing of to-be-learned materials.
- 12Self-reference effect (an elaboration principle)Elaborating by trying to relate what you want to remember to
yourself somehow can be a very powerful technique. - 13Organizing information (an elaboration principle)Thinking about how to-be-learned material fits together can help to link concepts together in your mind.
- 14Encoding specificity principleThe principle that memory retrieval has the potential to be facilitated when we are in the same environmental context as when the memory was initially encoded.
- 15State dependent memoryThe principle that memory retrieval has the potential to be facilitated when we are in the same mood during retrieval as we were during encoding.
- 16Decay theory of forgettingThe theory that in our brain mechanisms exist to slowly erode memory traces over time which we subjectively experience has decline in our ability to remember things over time (if we neglect to keep the memory alive by re-visiting it).
- 17Proactive interference (Interference theory of forgetting)When older information interferes with the recall of newer information
- old information is a 'pro' at interfering with new information
- the name is the one being interfered with - 18Retroactive interference (Interference theory of forgetting)When newer information interferes with the recall of older information
- new information interferes with "retro" information
- the name is the one being interfered with - 19Interference theory of forgettingThe idea that during encoding or retrieval of memories some information might interfere with the processing of other information, causing forgetting.
A distinction is made between proactive and retroactive interference. - 20Retrieval induced forgettingThe phenomenon where recalling memories requires inhibition of related memories which might facilitate forgetting of those memories.
- 21Directed forgettingThe ability to forget information when instructed to do so.
- 22Motivated forgettingThe tendency to forget information when instructed to do so.
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- Flashcards on Week 4: Remembering and Forgetting , created by Olivia West on 11/11/2018.
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- Olivia West
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