Flashcards
Illness and young age
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1Explain the research challenges when examining adolescence1. Adolescence isn't recognised as a distinct developmental stage, and are usually combined with children or young adults
2. No standard age range when adolescence is distinguished
3. In prior research, the adolescent was ignored, and the parent was researched
4. Adolescence and young adults are harder to track, and follow up can be difficult - 2List the challenges faced by adolescence suffering a chronic illness1. Growth and Puberty
2. Mental health
3. Development of self concept
4. Education
5. Family relationships
6. Peer relationships - 3Explain the growth and puberty challengeSome chronic illnesses can delay growth, puberty and maturation. This delay can be transient of permanent
Having physical differences from their peers can have a psychological impact - 4Explain the mental health challengeestimated that 20% of adolescence with a chronic illness will experience a psychological illness, and this is more likely for girls.
Psychological impact varies according to illness, as peers may be more accepting of one illness and less accepting of another; or the patient may be able to partake in normal activity with some illnesses, but not with others. - 5Explain the self-concept challengeAdolescence is the period in life where identity, self-image and ego development occurs, and these can be impaired and affected by chronic illness.
Chronic illness can require treatments that distort the physical body, or distance themselves from others
Can result in risk, and unsafe sexual behaviours - 6Explain the education challengeChronic illness may impact school attendance and educational achievement.
Some teachers may be unaware of how to deal with a child with a chronic illness, and therefore exclude the child from educational activities
Studies have found that teens with a chronic illness are more likely to skip school - 7Explain the family relationships challengeAdolescence is a time in life where more independence and separation from parents is gained, however, this may not be possible when facing a chronic illness
parents can be overprotective, but also face psychological impact due to the burden, tension and resentment they and the adolescent may feel - 8Explain the peer relationships challengeForming peer relationships is very important at this stage of development, however it can be hindered by the chronic illness - practical reasons: they're not at school/not able to form the relationships; emotional reasons : peers may not want to associated with chronically ill adolescence
However, some chronic illnesses, such as cancer, can increase social support from peers
Adolescence tend to form friendships with others who are suffering from the same illness - 9What are some barriers adolescence face when managing their illness?1. Relationships : peers, parents, health professionals
2. Development : strive for normality; freedom vs control
3. Health and Illness : physical, mental wellbeing and perceptions/worries
4. Forgetting : activities, coincidences
5. Medicine complexity
6. Financial costs - 10Explain the Woodgate (1998) study on communication and adolescenceQual research found 8 themes for health professionals to address when working with young people:
1. Treat me like a person
2. Try to understand
3. Don't treat me differently
4. give me some encouragement
5. don't force me
6. give me options
7. have a sense of humor
8. know what you're doing
Clearly, adolescence want to be more involved in their illness and treatment, however, it can be difficult for drs to know whether to communicated with adolescence as a child or adult (no ward for adolescence either, so it depends where they're placed) - 11Explain how the developmental stage of the adolescence should influence health care communication1. Early Adolescence : heavy emphasis on physical changes
2. Mid Adolescence : marked by the "individuation" process
3. Late Adolescence : progressive acceptance of the condition - 12What is different about online support groups?1. Disinhibition effect : can lead to greater honesty and self-disclosure HOWEVER, has a high potential to lead to negative interactions
2. Anonymity
3. Invisibility
4. Delayed reactions : often a good thing, to allow people to think before they say
5. Neutralising of power/status : especially important for dr-patient communication - 13What are some general and adolescent specific benefits of online support groups?General :
1. there is a psychological impact of writing
2. Expression/connected to emotions
3. obtaining knowledge from others
4. Socialising and forming interpersonal relationships
5. Improved accessibility and flexibility
Adolescent-specific:
1. they're comfortable using the internet
2. connection is vital at this stage of development
3. sense of "fitting in"
4. easier to connect to health professionals
5. greater perception of privacy and confidentiality - 14Explain LivewireThis is an online community (part of the starlight foundation) providing support for adolescence with a chronic illness, parents and siblings
They can chat, blog/journal, play music, games and videos, talk in forums and review relevant content in a safe, and secure environment (monitored) - 15What are some common themes that fear and concern children who are hospitalised? (Coyne, 2006)semi-structured interviews with 7-14yr olds.
1. Seperation from parents and family
2. Unfamiliar environment
3. Investigations and treatments
4. Loss of self-determination - 16Explain the separation from family and friends theme found in Coyne 2006Children missed every part of their home.
Hospitalisation causes distruption to routines of schooling, sporting activities and contact with friends - 17Explain the Unfamiliar environment theme found in Coyne 2006unfamiliar and uncertainty created feelings of anxiety
fears were based on a variety of sources, such as experiences of visiting others in hospital, tv programs and friends
They held misconceptions, leading to anxiety - 18Explain the receiving treatments theme found in Coyne 2006Fear of harm, pain and possible death.
Recalled previous experiences of pain
Feelings of intrusion and loss : "pushing in", "opening up" ; "taking out" ; "drilling in"
Fears of looking different from other children - 19Explain the loss of self determination theme found in Coyne 2006Lacked control over everyday things, such as eating times, sleeping times, activities etc.
- 20What can be done to assist minimising the impact of hospitalisation for children?1. Importance of preparatory procedures and pre-admission programs for children, to make them more aware of the routines and procedures
2. Relaxation techniques and age-appropriate explanations on intrusive procedures
3. Need to promote a safe environment, where children has as much autonomy, control and self determination as possible - 21What are some theraputic techniques designed to improve the experience of hospitalised young people?1. Play therapy : preparatory, theraputic and diversional play
2. Preparation videos
3. Tailored strategies (e.g. for primary-school aged children with cancer)
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- Applications of Psychology (Health Psych Ilona (patient needs to Survivorship II)) Flashcards on Illness and young age, created by amanda_211 on 06/11/2014.
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