Flashcards
Basic principles of operant conditioning
Cards in this deck (11)
- 1Law of effect Thorndikehow animals non-reflexive behaviour can be modified
instrumental conditioning
occurrence of stimulus depends on behaviour of organism
Hungry animal in puzzle box - 2Escape latencytime it took to escape
as trials increase, latency decreases
opening door followed by satisfaction - association between behaviour and consequence when in certain environment - 3Guthrie and Horton: mechanical strengthening process stop action principleinitially cat behaviour varied
after more trials - particular movement
SAP: reinforcer stops ongoing behaviour and strengthens association between situation and behaviour at moment of reinforcement
BUT: still some variation which allows for new behaviour to be developed - 4Shapingreinforce behaviour immediately after correct response
turn sound of pellet dispenser into conditioned reinforcer
sound + food > sound
if rat hears sound of dispenser after lever pressing, lever pressing should be strengthened (1. sound + food, 2. shape to press lever, 3. lever press > sound > indicates food) - 5Shaping and behaviour problemsShape speaking in schizophrenic
behaviour therapist realise gum could be used as reinforcer (previous association)
1. patients eyes > gum
2. lip movement > gum
3. audible vocalisations > gum
4. gum please > gum - 6Skinners researchlook at how environment determines the frequency with which animals and people produce emitted behaviours
- 7Three term contingencyContext (stimuli preceding response)
Response
Stimuli following response - 8Discriminative stimulussets stage for response BUT does not elicit it
e.g. magpies peck ground for worms, ground is discriminative stimulus. pecking results in worm which reinforces behaviour - 9Reinforcers primary, sensory, secondary, socialP: naturally strengthens any response (food water survival)
Sensory: monkeys pressing door for visual of room
Secondary: acquire reinforcing properties through experience (money)
Social: blend primary/ secondary (praise affection) - 10Delay of reinforcement and marking stimulusincrease in delay = lower response rate
reason? cannot figure out which response produced food
marking stimulus to overcome ineffectiveness of delayed reinforcement
immediate reinforcer is stronger incentive - 11Rachlin and Green - delay of reinforcementbirds pecked left key (2sec immediate food) v. right key (4sec food after 4sec) 95% of time
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- Psy236 Flashcards on Basic principles of operant conditioning, created by steph.goodman94 on 10/11/2014.
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