Flashcards

REVISION FLASHCARDS

Elise Fouweather English 143 cards

Cards in this deck (143)

1STANDALONE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - Highly reliable and secure.
2ONLINE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - Free of charge, good for companies and schools with low budgets.
3STANDALONE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - Doesn't require internet access.
4ONLINE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - You can access the software you need on any device.
5ONLINE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - The software is updated online automatically.
6ONLINE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - Having a back-up means a copy of your files are stored on the web servers, so you can restore the files if there is a problem.
7STANDALONE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - As it is on the computers hard drive, it runs very fast.
8STANDALONE SOFTWARE ADVANTAGEADVANTAGE - There is little to no risk of hackers accessing personal information.
9ONLINE SOFTWARE DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE - If the online server crashes or is having technical difficulties, you cannot access any of your files.
10ONLINE SOFTWARE DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE - None of your files can be accessed without connection to the internet (WiFi).
11ONLINE SOFTWARE DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE - Your files are at higher risk of being hacked and exposed.
12STANDALONE SOFTWARE DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE - You can only access your files on certain specific devices.
13STANDALONE SERVICES DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE - Can be quite expensive, especially for large companies.
14STANDALONE SERVICES DISADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGE - You have to manually update the software yourself.
15COLLABORATIVE WORKING ADVANTAGEAnyone from any part of the world can edit a document together despite distance.
16COLLABORATIVE WORKING ADVANTAGEReduces the need of travelling, therefore saving money for businesses.
17COLLABORATIVE WORKING ADVANTAGEYou only need one version of the document, which everyone can edit.
18COLLABORATIVE WORKING DISADVANTAGEDifferent time zones between countries may mean that it is hard to complete work.
19COLLABORATIVE WORKING DISADVANTAGEA group of people editing the same document may mean that some people try to edit the same part of the work at the same time, causing confusion.
20COLLABORATIVE WORKING DISADVANTAGESomeone may accidentally update an old version of a file.
21THE IMPORTANCE OF VERSION CONTROL WITHIN A FILEWhen lots of people can edit a document, its vital to show which is the latest version of the file. Otherwise, someone in the group could potentially edit an older version of the document by accident. Version control can be used by numbering different versions of a file in order to show which one is the most recent.
22LEVELS OF ACCESSLevels of access are the different permissions that different people get to which software or files they can access on a device. For example, teachers can access a lot more software and personal files than the students at a school.
23FILE PERMISSIONFile permissions are the settings that control what an individual can do to a file, the options are:
- Read : View only
- Read/write : View and edit
- Full control: Can also delete information in a file.
24ONLINE COMMUNITIESA group of people that only exists online.
25NETWORK OF FRIENDSA group of people that only exists online.
26VIRTUAL WORLDA 'second life' that only exists online.
27NETIQUETTEA set of rules for users online.
28BLOGA web log or online or online journal that's supposed to be updates fairly often.
29MICROBLOGA website or app where short messages are exchanged.
30CHATROOMA place on the web where many users online at the same time can communicate 'live'.
31WIKISites where authorized users can logon to add or edit content.
32PODCASTAudio or video files that are usually published in installments.
33CHATA text-based communication that is live or in real time.
34PROFILEA users online presence, such as social media.
35AVATARAn image you use to represent yourself online.
36VoIPShort for voice over internet protocol. It enables users to make face to face calls over the internet. For example, Skype and Face Time.
37ADVANTAGES OF VoIP- Allows you to make calls from anywhere around the world.
- Adds no additional costs to phones (unlike phone calls)
- Works as long as you are connected to the internet.
38DISADVANTAGES OF VoIP- Has to be connected to the internet in some sort of way.
- Could suffer some poor internet connection, further delaying calls.
- Different time zones may effect the efficiency of calls.
39EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR VoIP- A device that is connected to the internet.
-A microphone.
- A headset (optional).
- A camera connected to the device.
40SERVERA server runs special software to serve other computers.
41CLIENTA computer/device that uses services provided by a server. The computer that you use to access the internet is a client.
42ROUTERSDevices that route (direct) data traffic through a network. They will always try to find the best and fastest route for data.
43BACKBONEA 'big' cable (often fibre optic) that connects a large number of devices in the core of the internet.
44ISPAn ISP is a server that allows connection to the internet.
45POINT OF PRESENCEAn access point to the internet, an ISP may have several PoPs to allow good access to the internet.
46NETWORK ACCESS POINTAn NAP is where different networks interconnect , such as your home network onto the internet.
47THREE CONNECTION METHODSDifferent ways of connecting the whole network together: cables, fibre, telephone cables.
48PoP DIAGRAM
49NETWORK DIAGRAM
50ADVANTAGES OF DIAL UP CONNECTIONS- Can use existing telephone wires.
- Gives connection where broadband is not available.
51DISADVANTAGES OF DIAL UP CONNECTIONS- Older technology and can give bad reception.
- Does not allow you to use your phone at the same time.
- Usually slower than other methods and is more prone to errors during use.
52ADVANTAGES OF BROADBAND- Better reception and speed than dial up.
53DISADVANTAGES OF BROADBAND- Wired, so has to be used on a stationary computer.
- Broadband is not available in many rural areas.
54ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS- Not fixed to a stationary computer.
- Can be used wherever wireless internet connection is available.
55DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS- Requires wireless internet to be available.
- Can be less secure than wired.
- Tends to be slower than wired.
56BANDWIDTH - How we measure the speed of internet connection. Bandwidth is how much capacity (space) there is to carry digital data as ones and zeros.
57INTERNET PROTOCOL - Rules that allow computer systems to connect with different systems to transfer data. Responsible for handling the routing of packets.TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL - Responsible for breaking data into packets and assembling the packets again once they arrive.
58FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOLProtocol which allows files to be transferred between two computers or devices. It is most often used to upload or download files to a server.
59WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) DIAGRAM
60HTTPHyper Text Transfer Protocol
61HTTPSHyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
62FTPFile Transfer Protocol
63COMMUNICATIONServices that allow people to 'keep in touch'. Examples : e-mail, social networking sites.
64REAL TIME INFORMATIONServices that provide up to date information. Examples : train timetables, flight updates.
65COMMERCECommerce means business, therefore involved in finances. Examples : online shopping, banking.
66GOVERNMENTThese involve 'official' public services. Examples : local councils, national government collecting taxes.
67ENTERTAINMENTServices that are for leisure and fun. Examples : music streaming sites, catch-up TV.
68DOWNLOADLegal download services. Example : iTunes for music.
69BUSINESSMeans companies using websites to increase efficiency and save money.
70EDUCATIONInvolves workplace training for businesses as well as learning for schools. Example : BBC bitesize.
71VLEServices that provide virtual classrooms for students and teachers. Example : Google classroom.
72WEB SEARCH DIAGRAM
73CLIENT SIDEDevices and computers which use software ran by a server.
74SEARCH ENGINESpecial websites that allow users to find data on the internet. examples include Google and Bing.
75SERVER SIDEWhere every single website is stored.
76SPIDER/WEB CRAWLERWeb crawlers look for new or updates pages in order to log them into the index of a search engine.
77INDEXThe database of web pages within a search engine.
78DATABASEA collection of data or information which is held together in an organised way.
79SPONSORED LINK RESULTSThe top results that appear on a browser after a search, often placed there by paid advertisement.
80ADVERTSPaid advertisement to promote a product or business.
81POPULARITYThe process of being liked or supported, or in the case of a website 'most used'.
82STORE AND FORWARDE mails are stored on servers and the forwarded to the receiver - therefore named store & forward.
83ADDRESS BOOK/CONTACT GROUPAn email sent to a group of people.
84CCCarbon copy - The people who receive the email are able to see whop else the email has also been sent to.
85BCCBlind carbon copy - Other people aren't able to see who else the email has been sent to.
86BENEFITS OF USING EMAIL- You can attach multiple files, such as images or documents.
- Can use cc to send copies to other people or use bcc to hide addresses from others.
- E mails usually arrive within seconds, faster than traditional post.
- Gmail and hotmail use cloud servers so they can be accessed anywhere
87DRAWBACKS OF USING EMAIL- Spam or junk email has become a massive problem.
- Fake emails have been made to trick people into revealing personal information.
- Cannot expect an instant reply.
- Attachments could contain code designed to harm your computer.
88SMTPSimple mail transfer protocol - Pushes an outgoing email to a server.
89IMAPInternet message access protocol - Lets you access your email on a server.
90POPPost office protocol - Means that emails are downloaded from a server to the receiver and then deleted from the server.
91STORE AND FORWARD DIAGRAM
92WEB MAILExamples - gmail or hotmail. Means that you can access email on many different devices, however you must have internet connection.
93EMAIL CLIENTEasily accessed even without internet connection, attached to one computer instead of many devices.
94DATA EXCHANGE DIAGRAM
95CODEC DIAGRAM
96PACKET SWITCHINGThe process of data being broken into 'packets' before being sent through a network and then being reassembled at the other end.
97ADVANTAGES OF PACKET SWITCHING- Packets choose different routes so traffic flow is efficient.
- Big files can still be sent but don't clog the network.
- Packets give security benefit because if intercepted, the hacker will only have on part of a file.
98DISADVANTAGES OF PACKET SWITCHING- If one or more packets are lost or corrupted during transmission, the whole file will not be received correctly.
99SIMPLEXSignals go in one direction at a time. For example, a TV remote controller and a TV.
100FULL DUPLEXSignals go in both directions at the same time. For example, two communicating smartphones.
101HALF DUPLEXSignals go in both directions but not simultaneous. For example, a printer and a computer.
102SERIAL TRANSMISSIONBits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire.
Benefit - Good over large distances.
Limitation - Complex because data has to be broken into individual bits.
103PARALLEL TRANSMISSIONBits of data are transferred simultaneously - a whole byte can be transferred at the same time.
Benefit - Faster because there are more bits transferred per second.
Limitation - Only for shorter distances (e.g five meters).
104UTP/STPUN-SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR/SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR
Contains pairs of copper wire twisted together, used for LANs and for wired computer networks.
105UTP/STP BENEFITS- Cheaper than other methods.
- Reliable.
- Under plastic coating, the shielded (STP) cable has a protective layer around the copper wires to protect signal data from interference.
106UTP/STP DRAWBACKS- Slow.
- Low capacity.
- Used over short distances.
-Susceptible to interference, which means that data can be interfered with if near another digital device.
107COAXIAL CABLESolid copper wire with thick shielding , used to connect TV with aerial.
ADVANTAGE - Reliable.
DISADVANTAGE - slow, low capacity, used over short distances, thick and physically inflexible, susceptible to noise.
108UTP/STP
109FIBRE OPTIC CABLEStrands of glass carry data as light, used for the backbone of a network.
ADVANTAGE - Fast, used over long distances, little interference.
DISADVANTAGE - Used for backbone of network (expensive).
110FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
111INFRAREDUses infrared light to transmit data that's very high frequency light.
ADVANTAGES - Reliable.
DISADVANTAGES - Short range, devices must be in line of sight, can suffer from interference.
112MICROWAVEUses waves with short wavelengths to transmit data.
ADVANTAGES - Good for medium distances.
DISADVANTAGES - Can suffer from interference from other devices, for example a microwave that's near to a computer device.
113SATELLITEUses satellites in space to relay data between point on earth.
ADVANTAGES - Good for very long distances.
DISADVANTAGES - Very expensive.
114NIC : Devices using wireless networking need a NIC, it stands for network interface card. It is the hardware for receiving wireless signals and it's built into modern devices. The NIC connects to an NAP.NAP stands for network access point. Lots of places offer NAPs, such as cafes and libraries.
115HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGEHTML is made up of tags, mostly in pairs. Pairs of tags are called HTML elements. The open tag is written between < >. Most tags also have a close tag which includes a forward slash. text .
116HTML EXAMPLE WEBSITEhttp://www.thuto.org/ubh/web/html/tags1.htm
117CLIENT SIDE PROCESSING DIAGRAM
118SERVER SIDE PROCESSING DIAGRAM
119CLIENT SIDE PROCESSING- Viewing web pages on your client device. Today's webpages have lots of features that are interactive. Interactivity is achieved using clients scripts written in a language called JavaScripts. These client scripts are run by your browser to display the interactive effect. For example, an interactive calender/widget.SERVER SIDE PROCESSING- Server side means processing data on the back end of a web server. It's done using special languages such as 'PHP'. For example, web form.
120ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT SIDE PROCESSING: - Processing is faster because it doesn't have to travel back and forth the internet. - Data cannot be intercepted on the client in the same way it can be when data is transmitted back to the server across the internet.DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT SIDE PROCESSING:
- Different browsers process client scripts in different ways, meaning a web developer cannot be sure how their website will look to a client.
- The web developer is relying on the client computer speed to deliver the interactive features, meaning that if it slow then processing will be slow.
121ADVANTAGES OF SERVER SIDE PROCESSING: - A web server is likely to be more powerful than a client device, meaning that data can be processed faster. - There is no browser involved, meaning websites are presented the same. - No need to wait for downloads as it is all completed on the server.DISADVANTAGES OF SERVER SIDE PROCESSING:
- More risk of security threats because data has to travel back and forth the internet.
122TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
123Database - A structured collection of data. Table - A tale stores a set of data. For example, details of all the students within a school. Record - One row that stores data about a single item. Field - The columns in a table. For example, surname, gender, date of birth etc.Primary key - A special field with a unique identifier. For example, a student ID.
Foreign key - Key fields that appear in other tables, its purpose is to link to the supplier table.
Relationship - Most databases need more than one table to store all the data, so the tables need to be linked or 'related' to create a relational database.
124DATA TYPES AND USESText - Any kind of characters, including letters and numbers.
Numeric - Numerical values.
Data/time - Dates and times.
Boolean - One of two values, such as yes/no or true/false.
125LABELLED TABLE DIAGRAM
126ONLINE DATABASE - A database that could be accessed around the world. One feature of an online database is that it's often used by larger organisations. Can be accessed anywhere there is connection to the internet. However, it is more difficult to secure data.LOCAL DATABASE - A database held inside a network to keep it secure. One feature of a local database is that it is used by smaller organisations. It is more secure because it is not accessed via the internet.
127DBMS (Database Management System) - Software that allows you to create and use your own database. It creates tables and fields that allow you to search and sort data and it handles security to prevent unauthorized access. It can also allow for different levels of access for different users.SQL - The language used by a DBMS to actually create and search a database. It has a data definition language (DDL) to set up the tables and it has a data manipulation language (DML) for updates and search queries.
128THREATS TO DATA DIAGRAM
129HOW TO PROTECT DATA DIAGRAM
130OPPORTUNISTA company's network security can be breached by people who take a random opportunity. For example, an unattended PC. HOW TO PROTECT DATA - Physical barriers.
131VIRUSViruses are malicious programs designed to replicate and spread across a computer or a network to damage or corrupt files and data. HOW TO PROTECT DATA - Anti virus software.
132MALWAREMalware is the name for several other types of malicious software, such as Trojans, worms, adware, spyware and other nasty software that aims to cause damage to files or to steal data. HOW TO PROTECT DATA - Encryption, backup and recovery, anti virus system software.
133PHISHINGMeans when hackers use fake emails or fake websites to trick people into clicking links and then entering their personal data, such as bank passwords. HOW TO PROTECT DATA - Personal privacy.
134ACCIDENTAL DAMAGEThis could include floods or fires or accidental damage to devices that may result in loss of data. HOW TO PROTECT DATA - Backup and recovery, physical barriers.
135HACKERSMeans people who purposefully try to gain unauthorized access to a computer or a network. However, bear in mind that a high proportion of hackers are people who actually work for an organisation. HOW TO PROTECT DATA - Physical barriers, password control, encryption, personal privacy settings.
136DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998Provides 8 principles that govern the way data about individuals is stored and used.
137COMPUTER MISUSE ACT 1990Introduced to protect from hackers and malicious use of viruses.
138COPYRIGHT, DESIGNS AND PATENTS ACT 1988Protects creators of original works.
139FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT 2000Provides individual the right to see information stored about them. Data can also be accessed about public bodies.
140TECHNOLOGY USED FOR MONITORINGMovement:
- CCTV
- GPS devices
- Airport passenger lists
Communication:
- Monitoring email
- Monitoring web sites visited
- Logging keywords typed into search engines
141PAY PER CLICK ADVERTISING DISADVANTAGES- Vague use of keywords means that although people click to find out what it is advertising there are no sales.
- Competition for keywords which could mean that the company is at the bottom of the search page rankings.
142FIREWALLPrevents harmful data from getting on your computer network. It monitors all data arriving from the internet, so that it can block things such as viruses or spam.
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