Flashcards

ict revision.

Salam Nayim English 126 cards

Cards in this deck (126)

1Online servicesCommunication-Services that let people keep in touch (moving data by text, videos, photos and audio).
Real-time information-Services that provide up-to-data info ( they are constantly updated for people who need to get the latest information) eg. train timetables.
Commerce-commerce means business so these services involves money in some way.(eg. Online shopping and banking.)
Government-These involves 'official' public services (eg local councils and car tax)
2Advantages of online software-It could be used anywhere with internet.
-It gets updated and backed up automatically.
-Could be used in different devices. (phones, pc, tablets
-Can be used in different operating system (windows, Mac)
3Disadvantages of online software-Required internet
-Could get hacked
-It could crash
4Advantage of standalone software-As it is installed onto the drive, it can be used when there is no internet.
-It runs fast than online software with a poor internet connection.
5Disadvantage of standalone software-Is not possible to to use it on another device.
-It has to be updated and backed up by host.
6Advantages of Collaborative working-users do not need to travel to work, saving money, time and the environment.
-Users can work on the same document instead of having different versions of the same file.
7Disadvantages of Collaborative working-People working on the same slide at the same time may cause confusion.
-One person could lose the connection/communication.
-People may be working from different time zones.
8The importance of version control and how it can be used.This is important so that a user knows which is the most up-to-date document. This is especially important for collaborating working.
-Looking the file and making it 'read only' while one user is viewing or editing it.
-The software allocating version numbers and dates of editing.
9Levels of AccessDifferent users can have different levels of access. This could be set with a username and password. For example, at school or college you will have different access to your teachers on your school network and this is set when you log in.
10File permissionFile permissions give users a level of to specific files.
Read only: Can look at a document but make no changes
Read/write: Can look at a document and make changes.
Full control: Can do anything to a document, including deleting it.
11Online communitiesThese often exist in a VIRTUAL WORLD. This is an unreal world which is created by the computer and does not exist in the real world.
12Network of friendsa virtual community (group of people) which only exists online. It is also known as a Network of friends
13Virtual worldThis is an unreal world which is created by the computer and does not exist in real life.
14NetiquetteNETIQUETTE is the set of rules to which users should conform( rules users should follow) when online.
15BlogA web log - an online journal or diary
16MicroblogA website where or app where short messages are exchanged. (.e.g. twitter)
17ChatroomA place on the web where users can communicate, usually through typed words (users online at the same time)
18WikiA website where anyone can add and edit information.
19PodcastAudio or video files which are usually published in episodes.
20ChatAn exchange of messages, often typed, between users at the same time ( in real time)
21ProfileA profile is the online presence of a user in a particular system, for example on a game system or social media website.
22AvatarAn avatar is a picture which represents a person, usually as part of a profile.
23What is VoIVVoIP ( voice over internet protocol ) is a method of real-time communication over the, internet, for example Skype. The data transmitted is audio and video as two computers are connected through their Unique IP addresses.
24Advantages VoIP-Able to contact someone anywhere in the world where there is an internet connection.
-Uses internet-only so no additional costs (unlike phone calls)
-Reduces travel costs, travel time, etc.
25Disadvantages of VoIP-relies on internet connection so it can be a slow connection or it can cut out.
-As the is being converted to digital, transmitted over the internet and converted back again, the voice quality can be affected.
-Data exchanged over the internet is at risk of security threats such as hackers.
26Equipment Required-Headsets
-Microphones
-Webcam
-Speakers
27Server-Runs special software to serve other computers.
-Different file types include file , print, web and email servers
28Client-A computer device that uses services providers by a server.
-The computer you use access the internet you use.
29RouterDevices that route (direct) data traffic through a network
-They are intelligent and will try to find the best routes
30Connection MethodsDial-up: Is a wired connection via modem and phone wires.
Broadband: Means a wired connection via a broadband supplier.
Wireless: Connects without using cables
31BackboneA 'big' cable (often fibre optic) that connects a large number of devices in the 'core' of the internet.
32ISP (Internet services providers)An ISP allows connection to the internet for a client. It would be too expensive to connect directly to the internet so the ISP gives an easy way for connection.
33Point of Presencef
34Network Access Point NAPIs an access point to the internet. An ISP may have several POPs to allow good access to the internet
35Point of presence
36Point of presence
37Dial up ConnectionsIs a wired connection via modem and phone wires.
Advantage - gives connection where broadband is not available.
-Can use existing telephone wires.
disadvantage - Usually slower than other methods.
-Older technology and can give poor reception.
-Conversation between digital and analogue can cause errors.
38BroadbandMeans a wired connection via a broadband supplier.
Advantage - Better reception and speed than dial-up.
Disadvantage - Broadband is not available in in many rural areas .
-Wired, so it has to be used on a stationary computer.
39WirelessConnects without using cables
Advantage - Not fixed to a stationary computer.
Disadvantage - Needs to have wireless Internet available.
Slower than wired.
40BandwidthIs how we measure the speed of internet connection
-Bandwidth is how much capacity (space) there is to carry digital data as 1s and 0s.
-Measured in bits per second
-High Bandwidth means more data can be moved, so giving a faster internet connection and a higher transition rate.
41Bandwidth
42ProtocolProtocols are rules that allow computer systems to connect with different systems to transfer data. This is important because the internet involves many different types of devices.
43Internet protocol (IP)IP is responsible for handling the routing of packets.
-That's addressing, sending and receiving packets over the net.
44Transmission control Protocol (TCP)TCP is responsible for breaking data into packets
-Assembling the packets again when they arrive.
45File transfer Protocol (FTP)Protocol which allows files to be transferred between two computers or devices.
It is usually used to upload download files to a server.
46Diagram
47URL diagram
48HTTPstands for hypertext transfer protocol
-HTTP is the set of rules that handle what we do on the web.
-It handles your REQUEST to load a page from a web server.
-It also handles RESPONSE to download the web page and all its files to your computer
49HTTPSThe 's' stands for secure.
-Data in the web-page is scrambled before sending across the internet.
-So if data is intercepted, it can't be understood.
-Protects privacy from 'hackers'
50FTPStands for File transfer protocol
-An old protocol that was invented even before the web was born.
-It is still used to upload and download files from a server.
-It is often used by web developers to transfer files to their web servers.
-But use FTP, you usually need a username and a password.
51How search engines works
52Client sideThe device being used is the client side. This could be a PC, phone, tablets and etc...
53Search EnginesIt is a database or website which contains links to all web pages on the Internet which help in search of information. Example is google. com, yahoo and bing. A search engine refers to a web software used to search for information on the internet using keywords.
54Server SideServer side mean processing data at the 'back end' on the web server
55Spider/web crawlerThe spider looks for for the latest, updated and the most accurate documents for the user to look for. database holds everything together.
56IndexThe index holds the database together
57DatabaseA database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.
Databases process workloads to create and update themselves, querying the data they contain and running applications against it.
58Sponsored link resultsThey usually pop at the top of the page
59advertsAn online advertisement is any promotional material that is optimized for and distributed via the internet. In practice, online advertisements are most commonly associated with banner, box and textual ads that may contain images, video or ad copy.
60Popularityhow popular the page is.
61store and forwardThis is pushed on the receivers server and when the receiver logs it pushes it forward.
62Address book/ contact groupg
63CC-Carbon CopyCC is when you send a message to more then two people and they could see who else you sent it too
64BCC-Blind Carbon copyBCC is when others cant see who else you send the message to.
65Benefits of using email-You can attach multiple files such images and documents.
-Use cc to send copy to other people or bcc to hide addresses to others.
- 'address books' store contacts & you can also use distribution lists to email lots of people simultaneously.
-Emails usually arrive in seconds. Much faster than traditional posts.
-Gmail and Hotmail use cloud servers so can access email anywhere.
66Drawbacks of using email-Spam or 'junk' email has become a massive problem.
-Fake emails to trick people to give personal details
-Viruses
67SMTP-Simple mail transfer protocol Handels sending-It pushes outgoing email to a server
-If ever a problem sending them SMTP will keep trying until it's sent.
68POP 3-Post Office protocol 3 Handles Receiving-POP originally came before webmail when people used 'email client software' eg MS Outlook.
-You downloaded emails from the server.
-Then email could be deleted from the server.
69IMAP-Internet message access protocol Handles receiving webmail-Lets you access your email on a server
-When logon, you pull email from server
-So you can access 'anytime and anywhere'
70webmail serverAdvantages
-All your messages stay on the server
-Can access email on many devices
-Email backed-up
Disadvantages
-You must have net connections.
-slow servece
71email clientEmails downloaded to client machine.
Advantages
-Can access them, even if not online.
-Client software has more features.
Disadvantage
-Emails lost if computer crushes.
72Component parts of a data packet
73...
74Description of packet switchingPackets switching is the process of data being broken into 'packets' before being sent through a network and the
re-assembled at the other end.
75Advantages of packet switchingAdvantages of Packet Switching: Efficient use of Network. All the packets not follow same route in Packet Switching but in Circuit Switching all the packets follow same rout. Packet Switching use digital network and enables digital data to be directly transmitted toward destination.
76Disadvantages of packet switchingDisadvantages of Packet Switching: In Packet Switching Packets arriving in wrong order. Takes Transmission delay. Requires Large amount RAM (Random Access Memory) to handle large amount of data communication in packets.
77Simplx with exampleOne way- Signals go in one direction at time.
78Full duplex with exampleTwo way- Signals go in both directions at the same time
79Half duplex with exampleTake turns- Signals go in both directions but not simultaneous.
80Serial and parallel transition descriptionSERIAL-Where bits of data are transferred one at a time over a wire
Parallel-Where bits of data are transferred simultaneously together.
81Benefit of aboveSerial transition is good for large distances
Parallel transition is faster because more bits are transferred per second.
82Limitation of aboveSerial transition is complex because data has to be broken into individual bits.
Parallel transition limit is only 5 meters.
83UTP stands for Unshielded twisted pairit is unshielded
84STP stands for shielded twisted pairIt is shielded so signals will always go.
85UTP and STP descriptionTypes of networking networking cable that contain pairs of copper wire.
Used for LANs
ADVANTAGES
-Cheaper than other methods
-Reliable
-Under plastic coating, the shielded (STP) cable has protective layer around the copper wires to protect data signals from interference.
DISADVANTAGES
-Slow
-Low capacity
-Used over short distances
-Susceptible to interference, which means data can be interfered with if near another digital device.
86Coaxial CableSolid copper wire with thick shielding that connects TV and Arial.
ADVANTAGE
-reliable
DISADVANTAGES
-Slow
-Low capacity
-Used over short distances.
-Thick and physically inflexible.
87Fibre optic cablesCable made from strands of glass that carry data as light. Used for backbone of network ADVANTAGES
-Fast
-Used over long distances
-Little interference.
DISADVANTAGE
-Used for backbone of network
88Infrared-Uses infrared light to transmit data
-that's very high frequency light e.g. TV remote
Advantages
-Reliable
Disadvantages
-Short range
-Devices must be in line of sight
-Can suffer from interference
89MicrowaveUses waves with short wavelengths to transmit data.
Advantages
-Good for medium distances.
Disadvantages
-Can suffer from interference from other devices e.g microwave oven that's near to a computer devices.
90SatelliteUses satellites in space to relay data between points on earth e.g. GPS
Advantages
-Good for very long distances.
-Very expensive.
91NIC stands for Network interface cardHardware for receiving wireless that's built into today's computers.
92NAP stands for Network Access PointProvides a wireless hotspot for people to use e.g. in a library or shop
93HTML stands for Hypertext Markup LanguageHTML is made up of tags, mostly in pairs. Pairs of tags are called HTML elements.
The ope tag is written between < >
Most tags also have a close tag which includes a forward slash. text
94examplehttp://www.thuto.org/ubh/web/html/tags1.htm
95Client side processing
96server side processing
97Description of client side processing-Client side is viewing web pages on your client device eg. tablet or pc.
-Today's webpages have lots of features that are interactive.
-Interactivity is achieved using client scripts written in a language called javascript.
-These client scripts are run by your browser to display interactive effect.
98Description of server side processingserver side processing
-server side means processing data at the 'back end' on the web server.
-that's all the nerdy work that ordinary people never think about!
-Its done using special server scripts written in server side languages such as PHP.
-All this usually happens after you've done something on a web page...
99Advantages and disadvantages of client sideClient side
-Speed
Processing is faster on the client because data does not have to travel back to the server across the internet,
-Security
Data cannot be intercepted on the client on the same way it can be when data is transmitted back to the server across the internet.
DISADVANTAGE
-browser specific
-Computer speed
-
100Advantages and disadvantages of server sideADVANTAGES
-Servers are powerful computers
-No browsers involved
-Efficient
DISADVANTAGES
-Security
-Overloading
101Database types of relationships
102Database, table, field, record, primary key definitions.-A DATABASE is a structured collection of data.
-A TABLE stores a set of data e.g. details of students in school
-A FIELD are the columns in a table e.g. forename, surname, gender, date of birth.
-A RECORD is is one row that stores data about a single item e.g. a students details
-The PRIMARY KEY is a special field with a unique identifier e.g. student ID
103Foreign keySpecial field that links two tables in a relation database.
Foreign key are key things that appear in another table.
104RelationshipStores data in more than one table to make it more efficient.
105Data types and uses of: Text Numeric Date/Time Boolean-Text
Any kind of characters, including letters and numbers e.g. LA6 2HJ
-Number
Numerical values e.g. 1.5
-Data/Time
Dates and names 01/04/2014
-Boolean
One of two values, such as Yes/No or True/False
106database table
107Define an online and local databaseLocal
-local means a database held inside inside a network to keep it secure.
Online
-online means a database that could be accessed around the world.
108List one feature of an online and the local databaseLocal
-data is more secure because it is usually inside of a building e.g. school
Online-
huge amount of data is being used because it is online so anyone can access it.
-Less secure
109Define DBMS Stands for Database management system-A DBMS is a software allows you to create and use your own database.
-It creates tables and fields that allows you to search and sort data.
-It handles security to prevent un-authorised access.
-It can also allow for different level of access for different users.
110Define SQL-SQL is the language used by a DBMS to actually create and search a database
-It has a data definition language (DDL) to set up the tables.
-And it has a data
111Threats to data
112How to protect data
113Threats to dataOPPORTUNIST
-A company's network security can be broached by people who take random opportunity, such as unattended PC.
VIRUSES
-Viruses are malicious programs designed to replicate and spread across a computer or a network to damage or corrupt files and data
MALWARE
-Malware is the name for several other types of malicious software, such as trojans, worms, adware, spyware and other nasty software that aims to cause damage to files or to steal data.
PHISHING
-Means when hackers use fake emails or fake websites to trick people into clicking links and entering their personal data, such as bank passwords.
ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE
-This could could include floods, or fire or hurricanes or damage from untrained users.
HACKERS
-Means people who purposefully try to gain unauthorized access to a computer or a network. But bear in mind that high proportion of hackers are people who actually work for an organisation.
114LegislationA number of relatively laws exist within the UK in in response to the increase use of computer systems.
115Data protection Act 1998Provides 8 principles that govern the way data about individuals is stored and used.
116Computer misuse Act 1990Introduced to protect from hackers and malicious use of viruses.
117Copyright, designs and patents Act 1988Protects creators of original works
118Freedom of information Act 2000Provides individual the right to see information stored about them. Data can be accessed about public bodies.
119Technology used for monitoringTechnology can be used to monitor peoples movements and communications
Movement:
CCTV
GPS devices
Airport passenger lists
Communication:
Monitoring email
Monitoring web sites visited
Logging keywords typed into search engines
120Relation databasea database structured to recognize relations between stored items of information.
121Pay-per-clickDisadvantages
-Vague use of keywords means that although people click to find out what it is advertising there are no sales. (From the click as the website may not be what they are looking for)
-Competition for keywords which could mean that the company is at the bottom of the search page rankings (leading to viewers not bothering to look at it)
-Time consuming to monitor traffic which delays the refinement of keywords to ensure customers visit and purchase goods.
122how a firewall prevents unauthorized access to a computer system.-It monitors all data arriving from the internet so that it can stop anything it considers harmful such as viruses, spam etc..
-Monitors individual parts so that it allows or blocks data transmition through that port.
123How a computers system checks that a password has been entered correctlyWhen you enter a password its run through a algorithm and compares what you typed in and stored password.
124fvFull back up. All data backed up every time the system runs.
Incremental only the data that has been created or changed since the last back up.
125Version 9 Discus the factors the company should consider before choosing a broadband connection. (8) marksThere are number of factors that should be considered.
The first factor is that they should consider how good the speed of the broadband company is so that their customers have the best quality connection.
The second factor is that Wheelie Wheels needs to see the capacity of the broadband so they know how many devices can access the broadband at the same time when using wireless access.
The third factor that they should consider is the download limit. This is to know much internet they will be using the and what sort of data the company will be using.
126Version 5 Discuss the use of VoIP as a communication method for tom and his staff. (8) marksThe first advantage of using VoIP as a communication method is that it saves time because you don't have to travel.
The second advantage of using VoIP is that you can communicate with anyone anywhere in the world where in real time where there is internet connection.
The third advantage is that is multiple employers could communicate with each other in real time.
The last advantage of using VoIP is that it uses internet only so no additional cost is required.
The first disadvantage of using VoIP to communicate is that it relies on internet connection so it might be slow or it can cut out.
The second disadvantage of using VoIP is that data exchange is at risk of securitythreats such as hackers.