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Description
Flashcards by Sophie Greenslade, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophie Greenslade
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what is the behaviourist approach? | Concerned with observable and measurable behaviour. |
| What type of study did behaviouists use? | Controlled lab |
| Explain Pavlov's research | Classical conditioning - conditioning dogs to salivate when a bell rings. Before conditioning : UCS - food UCR - salivation NS - bell during conditioning: NS+UCS = bell and food appear at same time after conditioning: CS - bell CR - salivation shows how a neutral stimulus can come to elicit a new learnt response through association. |
| Explain Skinner's research | Operant conditioning. an active process whereby humans operate on their environment, shaped by consequences. Rats in cages (skinners boxes) when a rat activated a lever it was rewarded with food a desirable consequence led to repetition if pressing the lever meant an electric shock, they would not press the lever in order to avoid the pain. |
| positive reinforcement | receiving an award when behaviour is performed |
| negative reinforcement | when producing a behaviour that avoids something unpleasant |
| punishment | an unpleasant consequence of behaviour |
| Strengths of behaviourism | gave psychology scientific credibility. laws have real life application - principles of conditioning (eg prisons) |
| limitations of behaviourism | portrays a mechanistic view - machine-like responders to the environment whereas other approaches like SLT and Cognitive place emphasis on mental events that occur during learning. a form of environmental determinism through experiences and ignores free will. animal ethics - cruel, may change their natural behaviour |
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