16387208
Description
Flashcards by Alice Hathaway, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alice Hathaway
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the start point? | Glucose |
| What is formed first and how? | Glucose-6-phosphate ATP used Hexokinase |
| What is formed from glucose-6-phosphate? | Fructose-6-phosphate Phosphoglucose isomerase |
| What's formed form fructose-6-phosphate? | fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ATP phosphofructokinase |
| What is formed from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate? | Dihydroxy acetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Aldolase |
| How are dihydroxy acetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate formed from each other? | Triose phosphate isomerase enzyme |
| What is formed from GAP? | 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate NADH formed from NAD+ DAP dehydrogenase |
| What is formed from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate? | 3-phosphoglycerate ATP formed phosphoglycerate kinase |
| What is formed from 3-phosphoglycerate? | 2-phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycero mutase |
| What is formed from 2-phosphoglycerate? | phosphoenol pyruvate H2O released enolase |
| What is formed from phosphoenol pyruvate? | pyruvate ATP formed pyruvate kinase |
| How is glucose concentration controlled? | Insulin dependent GluT-4 transporters in muscle and liver cells Insulin independent GluT-2 in liver cells |
| Where is hexokinase used? | Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate |
| How is hexokinase controlled? | Inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate. Muscle switch off glycolysis if too much G6P Liver can continue as G6P in lipid synthesis or glycogen |
| Where is phosphofructokinase used? | Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-phosphate |
| How is phosphfructokinase controlled? | Futile cycle with fructose. if unchecked, ATP use. Controls flux through glycolysis and neogenesis |
| Where is pyruvate kinase used? | Formation of pyruvate from phosphoenol pyruvate |
| How is pyruvate kinase controlled? | Stimulated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in feed-forward mechanism Ensures start of pathway (lysis of glucose) stimulates the end (NADH and ATP production) |
| What hormonal control is used in glycolysis? | Adrenalin in cardiac muscle Glucagon in liver - decrease in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate stimulates gluconeogenesis |
| Where is hormonal control not used? | Skeletal muscles AMP determines concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate |
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