Flashcards
GCSE Chemistry atomic structure
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1how did they find the structure of the atom?They shot alpha particles (positive) through gold foil. Some deflected, meaning the nucleus was positive because the charges repelled. Some passed through, which means most of the atom is empty space, where electrons orbit. Tiny number of particles came right back out, showing the nucleus was small and dense.
- 2what is the mass numberthe number at the top left, protons and neutrons
- 3what is the atomic numberbottom left, number of protons
- 4define isotopesame atomic number but different atomic mass, meaning a different number of neutrons
- 5what is a weighted averageif sceintists measured all of that substance in the world, they would get mixed results, so we use a weighted average
- 6define protiuman isotope of hydrogen with one proton and electron
- 7define deuteriuman isotope of hydrogen that has one proton, one electron and one neutron
- 8define tritiuman isotope of hydrogen with one proton, one electron and two neutrons
- 9describe group 1alkali metals, they react vigorusly so they are stored under oil, react with water, reactivity increases down the group, they tarnish (darken) in contact with oxygen, soft, low melting and boiling points
- 10state the alkali metal chemical equationalkali metal (s) + water (l) = metal hydroxide (aq) + hydrogen (g)
- 11why do transition metals have their namethey are transitioning. They have an incomplete inner subshell, so they can change
- 12why do halogens have their namegreek for 'salt producer'
- 13describe group 0noble gases, are coloured when electricity passes through (neon is red), very unreactive, density decreases down the group
- 14describe group 7halogens, iodine and astatine are solids, bromine is a red-brown liquid, chlorine and fluorine are gases, diatomic molecules, reactivity increases up the group, name means salt producer
- 15describe metalsmalleable, ductile, sonorous, conduct heat and electricity, corrode (wear down by chemicals) iron is magnetic, dense, solids apart from mercury, alloys are a mixture of metals, shiny.
- 16describe mettalic bonding1. made of lattice structures, positive ions and delocalised sea of electrons
2. strong electrostatic forces between ions and electrons that mean the metal has high melting and boiling points
3. strong forces hold the metal in a regular shape
4. ions packed close so more dense
5. layers of atoms in a pure metal slide over each other making is malleable
6. conduct heat because when one particle vibrates, the rest do as well - 17what is the magic rulehelps find the chemical formula
element
valency
switch
simplify
subscript - 18what prefixes are used for 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8?mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa - 19what happens if the chemical name ends in ideit contains the elements in its name
- 20what happens if the chemical name ends in ite or ateit contains the elemstns in its name plus oxygen
- 21what is the chemical name for the ion ammoniumNH4^+
- 22what is the chemical name for the ion hydroxideOH^-
- 23what is the chemical name for the ion nitrateNO3^-
- 24what is the chemical name for the ion sulfateSO4^-2
- 25what is the chemical name for the ion carbonateCO3^2-
- 26what is the chemical name for the ion phsophatePO4^3-
- 27describe ionic bonding/compounds1. ionic compounds are usually solids that exist as giant lattices
2. each positive ions is surrounded by a negative ion
3. ionic solids have high melting and boiling points because a lot of energy is needed to separate the ions
4. they are brittle because a knock aligns poles and they repel
5. in solution the disocoiate(separate) int free moving ions
6. metals form positive ions
7. nonmetals form negative ions
8. the attractione is the ionic bond
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- Flashcards on GCSE Chemistry atomic structure, created by Rucha POTDUKHE on 07/01/2019.
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- Rucha POTDUKHE
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