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Chemistry Flash Cards
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1MatterMakes up everything, has mass, & takes up space.
- 2ChemistryThe study of matter
- 3AtomsMake up matter
Singular element - 4ElementIf a substance contains atoms of any kind, we call this a element.
- 5Periodic TableWhere all known atoms are organised.
Periodic Table has groups (columns) and periods (rows)
Metals are on the right, non metals are on the left, and metalloids are inbetween. - 6Compoundare made up of two or more different types of atoms.
forms of compounds include crystal lattices and molecules - 7Protonslocated in the nucleus
have a mass 1800 more than a electron
have a positive charge (attracted to negatively charged electrons) - 8Neutronslocated in the nucleus
have a mass 1800 more than a electron
has a neutral charge - 9electronlocated in the electron cloud
has a mass of 1
has a negative charge (attracted to positively charged protons) - 10electron cloudcontains electrons
- 11nucleuswhere the protons and neutrons are located
- 12Atomic numbernumber of protons = number of electrons
- 13mass numbernumber of protons + number of neutrons
- 14Isotopesare elements that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- 15Ionsa charged atom when electrons are gained or lost from the outermost shell
(eg. Magnesium = Mg2+) - 16Valence electronsare the number of electrons in the outside shell, also the number of group they are in on the Periodic Table.
- 17Cationspositively charged atoms (lose electrons)
mostly come from metal atoms
are attracted to anions because of opposite charge
form large crystal lattices known as ionic compounds - 18Anionsnegatively charged atoms (gain electrons)
mostly come from non-metal atoms
are attracted to cations because of opposite charge
form large crystal lattices known as ionic compounds - 19Ionic bondinga bond that holds a cation and anion (metal and non-metal), together.
(eg. Na+ and N3- = Na3N) - 20Ionic solutiona solution containing ions that dissolve in water and allow electricity to flow as the ions move and act as a carrier for the charge.
- 21Covalent Bondingis the sharing of electrons in the outside shell
happens between two or more non metal atoms
ends up with a full outside shell
(eg. H20, c02, Ch4, etc.) - 22Reactantsubstances started with before the chemical reaction
REACTANTS ___> PRODUCTS - 23Productsubstances formed by the chemical reaction
REACTANTS ___> PRODUCTS - 24Balanced equationwhen the number of atoms are the same on both sides of the equation
(eg. 2H2 + 02 __> 2H20) = balanced! - 25endothermicabsorb energy/heat
- 26exothermicrelease heat/energy
- 27combustionreactions with oxygen that release energy in the form of heat and light
combustion of non-metals in fossil fuels are used to make electricity and for transport has considerable environment impacts (eg. the heating of our atmosphere) - 28corrosionthe breakdown of metals due to their reaction with other chemicals
rusting is a form of corrosion - high oxygen and water contact accelerate the rusting process in metals. rusting can be slowed by reducing the contact of water and oxygen. - 29Acidsa substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
properties include hydrogen, tastes sour, corrodes metals, reacts with acids to produce salt and water (neutralisation), reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce C02
concentrated acids can be diluted by the addition of water
examples - HNO3 = nitric acid, used in fertilisers
HCl = hydrochloric acid, digest food in our stomachs - 30Basesa substance that produced hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution
properties include hydroxide, tastes bitter, soapy and slippery, reacts with acids to produce salt and water (neutralisation), electrolyte.
examples - NaOH = sodium hydroxide, caustic soda
KOH = potassium hydroxide, liquid soap - 31Indicatorstest the pH of a substance
some include - litmus paper (blue and red), universal indicator - 32pH scale'potential Hydrogen'
goes from 1-14
acid = <7, neutral = 7, base = >7
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- Flashcards on Chemistry Flash Cards, created by taya.drop on 16/11/2014.
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