Flashcards
NURS 3124 FLASH CARDS
Cards in this deck (112)
- 1According to Piaget cognitive theory of how preschoolers(2-7 yrs) see and interact with the worldPreoperational:
1. Egocentrism, transduction reasoning, magical thinking , centration and animism - 2According to Feud Psychosexual theory of how preschoolers(2-7 yrs) see and interact with the worldPhallic: Increasing awareness of gender and sexual issues;
May ask questions that need to be answered truthfully
May explore their body - 3According to Erickson psychosocial theory of how preschoolers(2-7 yrs) see and interact with the worldInitiative vs guilt: Insatiably curious, because they are learning to master their world.
- 4What type of play do preschoolers engage in?Associative, dramatic, stress relief with projects, stories, books and music
- 5How can a healthcare person communicate with a preschooler?1. Verbalize and explain procedure
2. Use drawings or stories to explain procedures, or have child explain concerns
3. Use accurate names for body function
4. Have time for conversation and functions - 6Two distinct milestone to school readiness in preschool is:1. Language and increased attention span
2. Increased sense of self and distinct personality - 7Educating parents of a preschooler involves:Anticipatory guidance about coming developmental tasks.
- 8When is body mass index (BMI) first calculatedBMI is first calculated at 2 years when the child's height is taken while standing.
- 9Assessment such as ear and eye exam for toddlers and visualization of genitalia for preschoolers should be done at what time in the assessment period?The end of the examination
- 10To measure symmetry of strength during assessment of the toddler and preschoolerAssess how they make a game of pushing the legs against the examiner
- 11What causes of Hypovolemic shock?1. Vomiting
2. diarrhea
3. hemorrhage
4. burns
5. inadequate fluid intake - 12What is hypovolemic shock?Inadequate circulating blood volume causing inadequate oxygen-carrying capacity
- 13Distributive shockdwhdfjfofj
- 14Macroloids are not to be taken withfruit juice
- 15What to assess to hepatotoxicitypale stool, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine
- 16The antibiotics that cause hhyghh
- 17In anaphylactic reaction,Oxygen, epinephrine, give antihistamine, bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids
- 18Effect of macroloids on warfarinIt decreases metabolism making it stay in the blood for longer
- 19Do not give antidiarrhea after treatment with antibiotic becauseThere may be superbugs that should be id off
- 20What class is gentamicin?Aminoglycocide
- 21VancomycinGlycopeptide
- 22AmoxicillinPenicillin
- 23SephazolinCephalosporin
- 24MacroloidsBacteriostatic ( Bacteria slow gowth)
- 25Three antiemeticOndansetron, Metoclopramid
e (maxeran), Dimenhydrinate - 26What are the 4 types of distributive shock?1. Septic shock
2. Anaphylactic shock
3. Neurogenic shock
4. Acute adrenal insfficiency - 27What are the 4 types of shock?1. Hypovolemic shock
2. Distributive shock
3. Cardiogenic shock
4. Obstructive shock - 28Goals of shock management isTo maintain or improve cardiac output And blood pressure to preserve homeostasis
- 29What is the bolus ordered in shock management20ml/kg NS
- 30What is the alternative if bolus x 3 is not effective?5% albumin may be ordered
- 31How often should you assess after each bolus?every 15-30 min until stable
- 32An important factor to consider in a child with dehydration is?Loss of Glucose
- 33Management of unresponsiveness in a child with septic shock includeAdministering vasopressors - epinephrine, dopamine,
- 34Unresponsivess to vasopressorsTreat with hydrocortisone
- 35What lab tests do you do for septic shockCBC
- 36Visits during the school-age years will focus on:■ Establishing good health habits related to issues such as nutrition, physical ■ Establishing good health habits related to issues such as nutrition, physical activity, and mental health ■ Monitoring physical and developmental changes ■ Learning the importance of avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs ■ Ensuring success in school, family, and extracurricular activities ■ Fostering good decision-making and problem-solving skills
- 37The first nutritional status assessment for school age includes:Height and weight measurement, BMI calculation, and examination of percentiles for each measurement on growth grids
- 38Anthropometry of young children commonly includesweight, length, and head circumference. Standing height is substituted for length once the child can stand.
- 39The child experiencing stress suffers from...Frequent respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses and is more likely to be the victim of an injury.
- 40The negative long-term effects of stress on body organs and systems of children under are...Strokes, hypertension, and heart attacks
- 41What are the most common developmental delays in homeless shelter?Language and communication delays were the most common deficits.
- 42Majority of deaths from age 10 years onward result from:Four causes—motor vehicle crashes, other unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide
- 43What are the side effects of "Relievers/"Rescue" Bronchodilators?1. Shakiness
2. Tachycardia
3. Hyperactivity
4. Headache
5. Nervousness - 44What is the benefit of the presence of side effects of "Relievers/"Rescue" Bronchodilators?It is an immediate marker of proper inhaler technique
- 45What is the duration of action short-acting Relievers Bronchodilators?3-4 hours
- 46What is the onset of short-acting Relievers Bronchodilators?5 minutes
- 47Short-acting Relievers Bronchodilators can be used toPrevent exercise induced bronchospasm
- 48What color is the colour code for Short-acting Relievers?Blue
- 49What are examples of Short-acting Relievers ?1. Airomir
2. Bricanyl
3. Ventolin
4 Ventolin diskus - 50What is the colourcode of Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABAs) ?Green
- 51What are examples of Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABAs) ?1. Oxeze
2. Serevent - 52What is duration of action of Long-Acting Beta Agonist (LABAs)12 hours
- 53What is combination therapy?Combination therapy combines an Anti-inflammatory with a long-Acting Bronchodilator
- 54Combination therapy cannot be used as whatFirst line therapy for children under the age of 12 years.
- 55What are examples of Combination therapy?1. Advair MDI
2. Advair Diskus
3. Breo Ellipta ()
3. Symbicort (Red)
4. Zenhale (blue) - 56When can chilkdren switch from mask/spacer to spacer device with mouthpiece?When they learn to breath in and out of their mouths at age 4 years old.
- 57How many breathes should children take when using a spacer?6 breathes/one slow, deep breath and hold
- 58Can a dose of MDI be repeated?Yes. If not sure a full dose of medication was received
- 59What is the mask size colour for Neonates (Newborn to 1 year)?Orange
- 60What is the mask size colour for pediatrics (year to 6) ?Yellow
- 61What is the mask size colour for larger pediatrics?Purple
- 62What is the mask size colour for adultsBlue
- 63What is an oral side effect for children using ICS?Thrush or hoarse voice
- 64What are common Asthma symptoms?1. Cough
2. SOB
3. Wheeze
4. Tight chest - 65What triggers cause asthma?1. Cold/flu
2. Allergies
3. Emotion/stress
4. Environment
5. Exercise/play - 66What is the most common asthma trigger?Cold/flu
- 67What are some environmental triggers?Strong smells, weather changes
- 68What are examples of allergies that can cause asthma?animals, pollen, mold, dust
- 69What are the two types of asthma medicine?1. Relievers
2. Controllers or Preventers - 70Rescue/Relievers are usually...Blue, give temporary symptom relief for 3-4 hours
- 71Controllers/preventers are usually...Orange, red, or brown. Control asthma and prevent symptom
- 72How often must you use controllers?Everyday
- 73When can you get the best effect from using controllers?2 weeks or more
- 74What class of medicine are controllers?Controller medicines are corticosteroids
- 75How do controller medicine work?They heal and reduce swelling and mucus in the airway
- 76When should you use Reliever/rescue medicineWhen needed
- 77How do Reliever/rescue medicine work?By temporarily relaxing muscles around the airway to reduce symptoms
- 78What are signs of well controlled asthma?1. No day time symptoms
2. no night symptoms
3. No limits to normal physical activities
4. No missed school or work
5. No need for reliever medicine - 79What are steps to avoid asthma?1. Avoid triggers
2. use medicine
3. Take inhalers properly
4. Follow asthma plan - 80What is asthma?A chronic inflammatory condition in which airways are
hyper-reactive (sensitive) to environmental (allergenic, irritants or
infectious) and/or intrinsic factors - 81What can be responsible for asthma not being well controlled?Technique: correct device use
Correct device: using the correct type of device?
Empty device:
Defective device
Triggers
Viruses
Review of medication
Action Plan - 82What are the first line controller medication?ICS
- 83What age should use spacer with metered dose inhalers (MDI)All ages
- 84At what age can Dry powder devices (diskus, turbuhaler, twisthaler) be used?By age 6 years old
- 85What is the September Peak?Is when:
children come back to school and share the cold virus
allergens are at very high levels
the stress of school and allergens in the classroom
asthma may be poorly controlled because kids have been well and their parents haven’t been giving them their (controller) medication - 86How often should you give Ventolin based on PRAM score?Give Ventolin based on the PRAM score
If PRAM score is ≥ 3 give Ventolin
If PRAM score is < reassess later and five Ventolin accordingly - 87How often should you assess based on the PRAM score?Phase 1 assess Q 30-60 minutes give Ventolin accordingly
Phase 2 assess Q2h- give Ventolin accordingly
Phase 3 Give Ventolin q4 h and get ready for discharge - 88Examples of asthma medications are:Short acting B2 (Reliever/Rescue) (e.g. Ventolin, Bricanyl) –
Inhaled Corticosteroid (Preventer/Controller) (e.g. Alvesco, Pulmicort, QVAR, Flovent, Asmanex, Arnuity) –
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (e.g. Singulair) –
Oral Corticosteroid (e.g. Prednisone, Dexamethasone) -
Combination Medication (e.g. Advair, Symbicort, Zenhale) -
Anticholinergic (e.g. Atrovent) - 89What are Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs)LTRRAs are controller/Preventer medicines that block the release of Leukotrines, thereby preventing swelling of the airway.
- 90What is an example of LTRAsSingulairMontelukast
- 91What are side effects of oral corticosteroids?1. Mood changes
2. Increased appetite
3. Weight gain
4. Skin thinning/bruising
5. Osteoporosis
6. Delayed growth
7. Glaucoma - 92What causes decreased sodium and water reabsorption and increased potassium reabsorption in the renal glands?Aldosteone deficiency
- 93Adrenal crisis is manifested byShock
- 94Describe asthma management ContinuumThis is done by adjusting therapy to achieve and maintain control
- 95How do you manage Mild, intermittent, asthma?1. Use fast Acting -beta2-agonists as needed (ICS) as first line and initial maintenance treatment
2. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are used as second-line monotherapy - 96What do you do if asthma is not well controlled by low doses of ICS?- Additional therapy should be considered
- For children 6-11 ys, ICS should be
increased to a moderate dose, before an additional agent such as LABA or LTRAs
- For children 12yrs- adult, a LABA should be given as first aad-on therapy in combination with ICS
- Increasing to a moderate dose of ICS or addition of a LTRA are third-line therapeutic options
- Theophylline is forth-line agent for adults - 97How do yo manage severely uncontrolled asthma?Prednisone is used
- 98How do yo manage poorly uncontrolled asthma in 12 years of age and over?Omaliuzumab is used despite high doses of ICS and add-on therapy
- 99The two types of triggers are:Inflammatory and symptom triggers
- 100What are inflammatory triggers?Triggers that cause inflammation of the airways and/or tightening of the airway muscle
- 101What do you use in the management of inflammatory triggers?1. Environmental control
2. Use of anti-inflammatory medications - 102Examples of allergic triggers are1. Outdoor allergens such as Pollen, tree, weeds, grass
2. Indoor allergens such as animal dander, dust mite, mold - 103Non allergic triggers are1. Viral infection
2. Air pollutants
3. Smoke - 104What are symptom Triggers?They are non-allergic triggers that do not cause inflammation,
- 105When do you begin to notice the effect of ICS?2-3 days
- 106What is the best medication for asthma triggered by cold?Leukotriene receptor Antagonist (LTRAs)
- 107What are Elements of Sexual Health EducationElements of sexual Health Education is based on :
• A deeper understanding that is relevant to their specific health needs and concerns (Knowledge acquisition and understanding)
• Confidence, motivation and personal insight needed to act on that knowledge
• Skills necessary to enhance sexual health and to avoid negative sexual health outcomes
•A safe, secure and inclusive environment that is conducive to promoting optimal sexual health. - 108what are some of the risks associated with sexual orientation health care professionals should consider1. STIs (HIV)
2. Hopelessness
3. Suicide tendencies
4. Hepatitis C
5. Low self esteem
6. Depression
7. Behavioral changes
8. Stigmatization
9. Harassment
10. Rejection - 109What are the four components/pillars of comprehensive school health?• social and physical environment
• teaching and learning
• healthy school policy
• partnerships and services - 110What is comprehensive school health?Comprehensive school health is an internationally recognized approach to supporting
improvements in students’ educational outcomes while addressing school health in a planned,
integrated, and holistic way. - 111What is a Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction?Autism
- 112—
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- Flashcards on NURS 3124 FLASH CARDS, created by Mary Okumo on 25/01/2019.
- Created by
- Mary Okumo · Jan 2019
- Updated
- Feb 24, 2019
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