16686724
Description
Flashcards by Aamna Khan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aamna Khan
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| health psychology | is concerned with: the promotion of health improving healthcare systems the prevention and treatment of illnesses causes of illnesses |
| health definition | health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (world health organisation) |
| factors affecting definitions of health | age - children aged 6 cannot say what it means to be healthy, 11 year olds can cultural and historical - beliefs vary between cultures and social groups eg dealing with pain cross-cultural - in regard to pregnancy and childbirth changes over time - eg smoking |
| the hippocrates | four humors: blood phlegm yellow bile black bile |
| classification of diseases | death registrations help to classify symptoms and illnesses which cause deaths they also include a range of morbidity conditions including mental health conditions such as bulimia |
| biomedical model | illnesses and diseases are caused by biological agents health = absence of biological disease treatment = removal of biological pathogens |
| core elements of the biomedical model | 1. illnesses and symptoms come from within the body 2. diseases lead to symptoms 3. health is the absence of disease 4. mental phenomena are related to disturbances in the body 5. the patient is a victim of circumstance with no responsibility for the disease 6. the patient is a passive recipient of treatment |
| problems with the biomedical model | reductionist - ignores the complexity of health empirical - assumes we identify only biological causes mechanistic - all diseases have primary cause interventionist - overly intrusive dualistic - ignores psychological and social causes |
| psychosomatic medicine | Dunbar and Alexander (1935/50) the mind and the body are inseparable |
| 5 central tenets of psychosomatic theory | 1. emotional disturbance evokes particular physical pathology 2. characteristic personality type associated with particular physical pathology 3. physical disorders caused by stress 4. physical improvement occurs in response to psychological improvement 5. organs and systems are vulnerable to manifest in response to stress |
| objections to psychosomatic approach | difficult to establish association between personality type and disease psychosomatic illness didn't appear to link with stress untestable and thought to be a result of unconscious processes |
| the biopsychosocial model | Engel (1977) reaction against biomedical and psychosomatic models mind and body determine health and illness health is a complex interplay of biological factors such as genetics, viruses and bacteria |
| health psychology | arose in the late 70s in USA established in early 80s in UK differs from behavioural medicine or medical psychology sub-field of psychology psychological factors important in all illnesses aims to understand health behaviours and experiences interested in health, prevention and treatment |
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