Flashcards
intimate relationships 4
Cards in this deck (81)
- 1Interpersonal ConflictWhen motives, goals, beliefs, opinions, or behavior interfere with, or are incompatible with, those of another
- 2Dialecticsopposing motivations that contradict one another
- 3Common dialectics in relationships-Autonomy and connection to others
-Openness and closedness
-stability and change
-integration and separation - 4Factors that influence conflict-Personality- high neuroticism increases conflict, high agreeableness reduces conflict
-Attachment style- anxiety about abandonment can increase conflict
-Stage in life- increased conflict in late teens-mid 20's, older adults have less conflict
-Similarity- partners who are more similar engage in less conflict
-Alcohol - 5Events that often instigate conflictCriticism, illegitimate demands, rebuffs, cumulative annoyances
- 6Actor-observer effectsPartners will have slightly different explanations for their actions than anyone else
- 7Self-serving biasjudging one's own interactions more favorably than others
- 8Attributional conflict-conflict can occur when partner's attributions routinely differ
-Individuals fight over whose explanation is correct
-Difficult to resolve
-Happy couples are less likely than unhappy couples to view their partners as selfishly motivated - 9Avoidance occurs...only when both partners wish to evade the issue
- 10Negotiation occurs when...both partners seek to resolve conflict through rational problem soliving
- 11Escalation occurs when:conflict heats up and often involves dysfunctional forms of communication
- 12Direct tactics-challenging a partner
-accusing, hostile interactions, antagonistic questions, sarcastic put-downs - 13Indirect tactics-less straightforward
-Hinting, whining, melancholy, failing to acknowledge partner or conflict - 14Negative affect reciprocity-One of the reasons conflict turns for the worse
-Partners trade escalating provocations back an forth
-High emotion - 15Characteristics that influence conflict:-Less stress when partners are securely attached
-Tend to have more ease (physiologically) when partners have provided us with social support in the past) - 16Demand/Withdraw pattern-One partner criticizes, nags and makes demands (demander)
-Other partner avoids confrontation, withdraws and becomes defensive (withdrawer)
-Women tend to be the demanders and men tend to be withdrawers - 17Direct negotiationOpenly addressing the issue
- 18Indirect negotiationskirting the issue but still making partners feel better regarding the conflict (light humor)
- 19Advice for successful negotiation-Be optimistic
-have positive expectations
-Value your partner's outcomes and your own outcomes
-focus on the two of you as a couple instead of telling your partner what they should do (use we not you)
-Take occasional break from discussion - 20Responses to Dissatisfaction in close relationships-Voice- active and constructive
-Loyalty- passive and constructive
-Exit- active and destructive
-Neglect- passive and destructive - 21Volatile couplesFrequent and passionate arguments (less satisfied than validators)
- 22ValidatorsFight more politely, calmer than volatile couples and express empathy (tend to be most content with relationship)
- 23AvoidersRarely argue and avoid confrontation (less satisfied than validators)
- 24HostilesConversations contain much criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and withdrawl
- 25Conflicts can end through:-Separation- offers no solution to the problem, conflict unresolved
-Domination- when one person is more powerful, more powerful, partner will be happier with outcome
Compromise- reducing aspiration so an alternative can be found, neither partner gets everything they want
Intergrative agreements- satisfy both partners goals and aspirations- not easy to reach
structural improvement- result of turmoil and upheaval, change habits, leaves couple better off - 26Successful conflict management involves:-Self control
-Don't withdraw
-Don't go negative
-Don't get caught in a loop of negative reciprocity
-Use the speaker-listener technique (speaker has the floor) - 27Direct style of powerovert responses
- 28Indirect style of powerhinted/did not exactly say what they wanted
- 29Bilateral style of powerinvolving both members of the couple
- 30Unilateral style of powerindependent, do not involve other partner
- 31Styles of power patterns:-Men tend to be more direct and bilateral
-Women tend to be more indirect and unilateral in heterosexual relationships
-Traditional norms accord husbands more status than wives, and high status people are more direct and bilateral - 32Two sides of power:-Committed, happy lovers often use their influence to enhance relationships
-Individuals seek control over their partners - 33Violencebehaving in a manner that is intended to do physical harm to others
- 34Conflict Tactics Scale-common measure of violence in relationships
-dichotomous (event occurring once vs 25 times is measured the same)
-has varying severity - 35Situational Couple Violence (SCV)-Heated conflicts get out of hand
-men and women equally as likely to participate
-usually does not escalate, violence tends to be mild
-mutual and unique to dyad (partner will never be violent in another relationship)
-Most relationship violence is SCV - 36I3 Model-pertains to SCV
-Whether or not we act on violent impulses
(Instigating triggers- the actual interaction, impelling influences- move us toward violence: events from past, personal characteristics, attitudes, communication), inhibiting influences- counteract aggressive urges - 37Impelling and inhibitory influences-Distal (cultural norms)
-Dispositional (personality traits)
Weak inhibiting influences=violence may occur - 38Intimate Terrorism-one of Johnson's typologies
-One partner uses violence as a tool to control and oppress the other
-Men more likely
-Tends to be one sided (not mutual violence)
-More likely to result in hospitalization and shelter services - 39Intimate Terrorism-one of Johnson's typologies
-One partner uses violence as a tool to control and oppress the other
-Men more likely
-Tends to be one sided (not mutual violence)
-More likely to result in hospitalization and shelter services - 40Violent Resistance-partner forcibly fights back against and intimate terrorist
-women more likely
-least common form of violence - 41Most likely to engage in physical violenceWomen (slightly)
- 42Family Violence perspective-Large scale national surveys
-women equal to men in violent episodes
-Couple violence infrequent
-Violence rarely escalates - 43Feminist perspective-Data from battered women's shelters, police, hospital, and court records
-97% of the time men assault women
-violence occurs 60-70 times per year
-violence escalates
-When women are violent, it is in self-defense - 44Why stay in abusive relationship:-difficult to end romantic relationships
-costs of ending relationship may be too high (lowered economic status, housing)
-simply don't want to leave - 45Violence is less likely:In cultures promoting gender equality
In conscientious people
In couples with good problem-solving skills
In couples who are satisfied with their relationship
In sober people (alcohol use fuels IPV)
In spouses than in cohabiting couples
In cohabiting couples than in dating partners - 46Prevalence of divorce:-50% chance marriage will end in divorce
-2/3 married couples stay together for 10 years
-Average length of marriage-18 years
-about half of adult population is married - 47Why has the divorce rate increased?-more demanding expectations for marriage-in the past couples had to marry in order to have children or live together
-now more of a path to personal fulfillment - 48Why has divorce rate increased- both spouses are more likely to work outside the home-Women have entered work force
-Women are more financially independent
-access to alternative partners has increased - 49Divorce rate increased-changing gender roles-Western culture is more individualistic, less connected to others, spouses fill more needs
-Divorce is less shameful-creation of no-fault divorce - 50Divorce rate increasing- more people are cohabitingLess respect for marriage
- 51Children who experience parental divorce are most likely to also divorce-less favorable views on marriage
-less trust in partners
-learn behaviors from parents - 52Levinger's Barrier Model-3 factors influence the break up of relationshipsAttraction, alternatives, barriers
- 53Attraction-enhanced by rewards, diminished by costs
Rewards- companionship, social status
Costs- irritated by partner, time and energy - 54Alternativesother partners, being single, occupational success
- 55Barrierswhat makes it hard to leave-legal barriers, embarrassment, children
- 56Some people who want to break up do no because:-impact of divorce on children
-threat of losing children
-religious norms
-dependence on spouse
fear of financial ruin - 57Karney and Bradbury's Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model- 3 influences that contribute to divorceEnduring vulnerabilities, adaptive processes, stressful events
- 58Enduring vulnerabilitiesIncrease risk- family of origin, poor education, personality traits, bad social skills, poor attitudes toward marriage
- 59Adaptive processeshow people respond to stress- couple with poor coping skills that encounters little stress might be okay
- 60Stressful eventsrequire partners to provide support to one another- support depends on vulnerabilities and adaptive processes
- 61stress spilloverstress we bring home to our partners
- 62Processes of Adaptation in Intimate Relationships (PAIR) project-after 13 years 35% divorced
-20% were unhappy
-45% were happy (but less so than when they wed) - 63Enduring Dynamics Model-spouses bring problems, incompatibilities, an enduring vulnerabilities into marriage
-marriages with many problems and so on during courtship are inherently weaker from the beginning - 64Emergent Distress Model-problematic behavior emerges after marriage
- 65Disillusionment Model-rosy romantic views of marriage
-romance fades and disillusionment occurs - 66Couples who were more likely to divorce had:-higher cohabitation rates
-lower incomes
-experienced parental divorce
-lower education - 67Marital outcomes are influenced by:-cultural context-laws, social norms and economic opportunities
-personal context-social networks and neighborhoods
-relational context that we create through our interactions with our partners - 68socioeconomic statuspeople with low incomes and low education are more likely to divorce
- 69raceblack Americans are more likely to divorce than white Americans are
- 70Sex ratiosdivorce rates are higher when women outnumber men and the sex ratio is low
- 71Social mobilitypeople who move from place to place are more prone to divorce
- 72No fault legislationlaws that make divorce easier to obtain make divorce more likely
- 73working womendivorce rates increase when higher proportions of women enter the work force
- 74Age of marriagepeople who marry as teens are more prone to divorce than those marrying after 25
- 75Prior marriagesecond marriages are more likely to end in divorce rates than first marriages are
- 76parental divorceparents who divorce will increase the chances that their children will divorce
- 77premarital cohabititaiondivorce rates increase if couples live together before they are engaged
- 78Personalitythe higher one's neuroticism, the more likely one is to divorce
- 79Attachment stylepeople who are high in avoidance of intimacy are more likely to divorce
- 80Geneticsperson with an identical twin who divorces is more likely to divorce
- 81Time apartcouples who spend less time together are more likely to divorce
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on intimate relationships 4, created by francesfechter on 04/12/2014.
- Created by
- francesfechter
- Views
- 12
- Rating