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Description
Flashcards by Beth Cavanagh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Beth Cavanagh
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Quantitative Research | Derived from natural sciences Acquire & test knowledge through systematic observation/experimentation & objective measurement Theories are developed from observations / measurements |
| Falsifiability | Our theory must predict both what will happen & what will NOT happen: it must be possible, in principle, to prove the theory wrong. |
| Methodological Naturalism | Theories must restrict themselves to the physical, natural world, without recourse to the supernatural or magical. |
| Parsimony | Theories with fewer unjustified assumptions are preferred. |
| Dualism | The idea that our minds have a dual nature. Material component: brain, hormones, blood, etc. Immaterial component: a supernatural spirit, soul, or energy that uses the brain to interface with the physical world. This does not match any of the criteria of a scientific theory. |
| Research Process Steps | 1. Problem 2. Model & Hypothesis 3. Research Design 4. Measurement 5. Data Collection 6. Data Analysis 7. Generalisation |
| Quantitative Qualitative | Concerned with statistics, data collection, systematic analysis, sample size. Concerned with themes, discourse, complex thoughts & feelings; doesn’t involve maths or statistics. |
| Statistics | The science of collecting, describing & interpreting numerical data, especially the analysis of population characteristics by inference from sampling. |
| Heuristics/Informal Reasoning | Rules which people often use to form judgements and make decisions. They are mental shortcuts that usually involve focusing on one aspect of a complex problem and ignoring others. This type of thinking is fast & efficient, & often makes correct decisions, but is vulnerable to bias and false belief. |
| Positive Evididence | We have a bias to looking for positive evidence to support our theories. We are also selectively exposed to information that re-validates our beliefs. Science & statistics was developed in opposition to these flaws in human intuition and reasoning. |
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