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Flashcards

Particle Model

Fxxxxxx Hxxxx Rxxxxx Physics GCSE English 33 cards

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1Explain the particle modelThe particle model is used to explain the structure and behaviour of solids, liquids and gases. It can also be used to explain density, pressure, evaporation and condensation
  2. 2Explain the kinetic theoryThe kinetic theory describes how the particles (atoms or molecules) vibrate in solids or move in liquids and gases
  3. 3Explain the structure of solidsIn a fixed position in a regular arrangement
    Strong forces of attraction (intermolecular forces) between particles
    The particles do not have much energy, they only vibrate
  4. 4Explain the structure of liquidsThe particles are not in a regular pattern but they are still touching each other
    They are allowed to move around each other
    The particles have more energy than a solid and can move in random directions in low speed
    Weaker forces of attraction between particles
  5. 5Explain the structure of gasesThe particles have high energy
    Almost no forces of attraction between particles
    Moves in all and random directions with a range of speeds
  6. 6Define temperatureThe measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
  7. 7Define absolute zeroWhen particles have no kinetic energy
  8. 8Where does heat transfer from and toThe overall net flow of heat energy is always from hot to cold
  9. 9What are the ways that heat can be transferredConduction, convection and radiation
  10. 10Explain conductionParticles gain heat energy and vibrates faster, colliding with the particles next to it and passing on energy. The particles can't move and conduction happens in metals. The free electrons move and collide with the particles, passing on energy
  11. 11Explain convectionWhen a liquid or gas is heated, the particles gain energy. They can move through the fluid and eventually collides with other particles, passing on heat energy. Convection happens in fluids (liquids and gases)
  12. 12Give examples of convectionIn devices such as kettles, immersion heaters, convection heaters and fridges.
  13. 13Explain how convection currents workHeat energy from the heating coil is transferred to the water. The particles near the coil gain heat energy and move faster and further apart. The fluid around the coil become less dense and the fluid rises. Colder fluid moves in to take its place and we create a convection current
  14. 14Explain radiationRadiation does not require particles. Radiation is the flow of heat energy by an electromagnetic wave. Infrared is heat radiatoin and heat radiation is emitted (given out) by all objects (solids, liquids and gases). Hot objects give out more heat radiation than cold objects. The heat radiation depends on the surface colour and texture
  15. 15Explain dark matte objectsDark matte objects absorb more infrared radiation and are better absorbers than light objects. Also, they emitt more infrared radiatoin than light shiny objects
  16. 16Explain light shiny objectsLight shiny objects reflect infrared radiation better than dark matte objects and it also emitts less infrared radiation
  17. 17Summarise dark matt objects and light shiny objectsDark matte - Absorbs and emitts more
    Light shiny - Reflects and emitts less
  18. 18Define densityThe mass per unit volume of a substance or how much there is of a substance in a given volume
    If two substances have the same volume, the one with more particles will be more dense and have a greater mass
  19. 19What is the density formulaDensity = mass / volume
    Denisty=Kilograms per metre cubed
    Mass=Kilograms
    Volume=metres cubed
  20. 20Define internal energyThe total kinetic and potential enery of particles in a substance
  21. 21Explain kinetic and potential energyKinetic energy is due to movement of particles and potential is due to position or state of the particles. If an object is higher, it has more potential energy
  22. 22Explain changing temperatureWhen a substance gains energy and its temperature increases, it's particles gain kinetic energy. The temperature change will depend on the mass of the substance, the energy supplied and the substance that is being heated
  23. 23What is the specific heat capacity formulaChange in energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
  24. 24Define specific heat capacityThe energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees
  25. 25Define change of stateA physical change and not a chemical one. You don't end up with any new substances and have the same amount of substances but in a dfferent state.
  26. 26What is the latent heat formulaChange in energy = mass x latent heat
    Latent heat (joules per kg)
  27. 27What happens when we heat a substanceWe increase the temperature as we increase the energy of the particles. However, when the substance changes state, the temperature stops increasing and stays constant. That's because the energy that we are putting in now is weakening or breaking the forces of attractoin between the particles and so the temperature does not increases
  28. 28Define specific latent heat of fusionEnergy required to change 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature
  29. 29Define specific latent heat of vapourisationEnergy required to change 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas with no change in temperature
  30. 30How do we find density of a regular solid (cube, cuboid, sphere, cylinder, prism)Find mass using top-pan balance and check there is no zero error. Balance should read zero when there is nothing placed on top. If a value is read, reset it or subtract it from the final reading
    Measure width, length and height to find volume using ruler. Multiply together to get volume and for a prism or cyclinder, find area of cross-sectional area and times by height
  31. 31How do we find density of a liquidPour liquid into a measuring cyclinder to measure volume. When reading volume, make sure eye level is at the same level as the liquid and read where the curve is. This is called parallax error
    To find mass, use top-pan balance and find mass of empty beaker and subtract it from final reading. Accuracy is zero error and wearing googles to prevent liquid from splashing
  32. 32How do we find the density of an irregular shapeTo find mass, use top-pan balance and we need to measure solid first and not liquid becuase water might add to mass
    To find volume, we fill an eureka can up to spout and place a beaker under the spout to collect the water. We tie object with string and totally submerge it into the water and then collect the displaced water in the beaker and pour it into a measuring cyclinder and find volume
  33. 33What are things we can do to improve the experimentZero error
    Paraalax error
    Taking multiple readings and taking an average to reduce random errors

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GCSE Physics Flashcards on Particle Model , created by Fxxxxxx Hxxxx Rxxxxx on 02/05/2019.
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