Flashcards
cell structures
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1name all the structures in a animal cellcell surface membrane
nucleus
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
RER
SER
lysosome
ribosomes
mitochondria
golgi apparatus - 2name all the organelles found in a plant cellcell wall
cell surface membrane
chloroplasts
amyloplast
vacuole
mitochondria
RER
SER
nucleus
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
golgi apparatus - 3name the structures found in a prokaryotic cell and give an examplea bacteria cell
circular DNA molecule
nucleoid
pili
cell wall
plasma membrane
capsule
ribosomes
flagella - 4describe the structure of mitchondria and its functiontwo membranes separated by fluid.
inner membranes called cisternae and the center is the matrix
the function of the mitochondria is to produce ATP for aerobic respiration.l - 5what is the steps in protein secretion1. mRNA makes copy of instructions for protein (insulin)
2. mRNA leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pore.
3. It attaches itself to a ribosome which assembles the amino acids.
4. insulin is pinched off into vesicle and travels towards the golgi apparatus
5. the vesicle fuses with the golgi
6.the golgi modifies and packages the protein
7. insulin then pinched off into vesicles and heads towards the cell surface membrane
8. vesicle fuses with cell surface membrane
9. is released outside - 6what are some of the uses for prokaryotic cellsfood manufacture- cheese and yoghurt
sewage- digests waste products
skin- stops bacteria from entering the skin
helps the production of vitamin K - 7What is the cytoskeleton and its functionsit helps support the cell with its microfilaments.
-it helps the movement of organelles and the movement of vesicles from the ER to the golgi.
-keeps an internal frame work
-makes cells split for cell division - 8light microscope1500x
200nm
uses light emmision to produce 2d image - 9advantages and disadvantages of light microscopedisadvantages
low magnification and resolution so its not good for looking at ultrastructure of a cell.
limited due to the nature of light.
advantages
cheap to buy
quick to prepare specimen
can use live specimen - 10scanning electron microscope100000 mag
0.1nm
bounces beam off specimen to prodice 3d image - 11transmission electron microscope500000 mag
0.1nm
electron beam passes through the specimen to produce 2d image - 12advantages and disadvantages of electron microscopesdisadvantages
expensive to buy
need to be trained and skilled
only produces black and white image
can sometimes distort the specimen
have to use a vacuum to prepare it
advantages
g=better magnification than light
higher resolution means we can see ultrastructures within cell
sem produces 3d image - 13stainingadd chemical to sample. chemical binds to chemicals in sample to make them show. used on samples that are colourless
- 14how do you prepare a specimen for electron microscope1.fix specimen in gluteraldehyde to make it firm
2.dehydrate and replace water with ethanol
3.embed it in solid resin
4. cut it in slices with a diamond knife
5.stain it using lead salts to create a contrast by scattering electrons differently
6.mount on copper grind
7. place on grid in vacuum - 15what is the structure of cilia and flagellahair like structures
9+2 formation
cilia are shorter and numberous
flagella= undulipodia - 16function of ciliamove in harmony to move fluids over surface of a cell.
e.g. in the trachea they move mucus towards the thoat - 17function of flagellamovement is produced my microtubules sliding against eachother causing it to bend and straighten. Flagella help a cell swim through a liquid
on a prokaryotic cell they are structurally different as they are motors
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- Flashcards on cell structures, created by laurenjaynefryer on 16/12/2014.
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- laurenjaynefryer
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