Flashcards
Qualitative Research Terms
Cards in this deck (31)
- 1What is Action Research?When researchers design a field experiment, collect data + feed it back to participants (activists) as feedback + to model next stage of experiment
- 2What is Analytic Induction?Use of constant comparison specifically in developing hypotheses (which are then tested in further data collection + analysis)
- 3What is a Case Study?In-depth study of a case (event, activity, individual) studied over time using multiple sources of info (observations, documents, interviews)
- 4What are Consensus Methods?Include Delphi + nominal group techniques + consensus development conference - way to synthesise info, deal with conflicting evidence + determine agreement in a group
- 5What is Constant Comparison?Iterative (systematic) method of content analysis where each category is searched for in entire data set + all instances compared until no new categories identified
- 6What is Content Analysis?Counts + reports frequency of concepts/words/behaviours within data - researcher develops codes (descriptions of themes) which may later be grouped into categories
- 7What is Credibility?Quality/trustworthiness - specifically the extent to which findings are recognised + understood by the participants
- 8What is Data Analysis?Systematic process of processing data to provide understanding of researchers interpretation of the data
- 9What is Discourse Analysis?Linguistic analysis of natural speech/written discourse - especially language use in social contexts + interaction between speakers
- 10What are Emerging Themes?Concepts identified from data in first stages of analysis which are given a code, then a category, then a theme - term refers to emergence of themes from data
- 11What are Ethics?Standards upheld to protect participants from harm/risk - informed consent, voluntary participation + confidentiality
- 12What is Ethnography?Research design that enables detailed description of cultural/social group - data collected through observation/1-1 interview - develops understanding of social processes + behaviour that comes from them
- 13What are Field Notes?- Records of observation, talk, interviews - typically includes field diary with chronological events, research development + researcher reflections
- 14What are Focus Groups?Used to elicit views of group (6-10) with common experience - discussion under guidance of facilitator
- 15What are Frameworks?Method of data analysis involving 5 stages:
- Familiarisation
- Identifying thematic framework
- Indexing
- Charting
- Mapping + interpretation - 16What is Grounded Theory?Aims to generate theory "grounded in" or formed around data + based on inductive reasoning
- 17What is the Hawthorne effect?Impact of researcher on research participants/setting - notably in changing their behaviour
- 18What does Holistic mean?Exploration of research question in multi-dimensional, exhaustive way, preserving complexity of human behaviour
- 19What is Induction?Process in which generalisations are developed from specific observations - reasoning moves from particular to general (theories generates from data)
- 20What does Interpretative mean?Exploration of human interpretation of observed phenomena + influences on behaviour
- 21What is Interviewing?May be:
- Unstructured/in-depth: general question eliciting respondents own story
- Semi-structured: more focused question but still allowing story-telling
- Structured: pre-determined questions - closed with limited response choices - 22What is Iteration?Process of repeatedly returning to data to ensure understandings are truly coming from data (using preliminary analysis to guide next piece of data collection)
- 23What is a Natural Setting?Normal environment for participants
- 24What is observation?Watching participants in natural setting - can be participative or non-participative
- 25What is Phenomenology?Allows meaning of having experienced a phenomenon to be described as opposed to a description
- 26What is Reflexivity?Open acknowledgement by researcher of their own role in research process + effects on findings
- 27What is Respondent Validation?Seeks participants' views of intital data interpretation - allows researcher to incorporate their responses into the analysis
- 28What is Sampling?Process of selecting participants that can provide detailed relevant info:
- Purposive - selection of those who have knowledge of area of investigation
- Theoretical - selection of participants guided by ideas emerging from data analysis - 29What is Saturation?Point at which no further themes are generated from data - sampling process is considered complete
- 30What is Transferability?Research findings can be transferred from one context to similar situations/participants
- 31What is Triangulation?Area under investigation looked at from 2 or more perspective - can include different methods, sample groups or investigators (to ensure understanding is complete as possible)
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- Research Methods 29/05/19 Flashcards on Qualitative Research Terms, created by Bryony Williams on 17/05/2019.
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- Bryony Williams
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