Flashcards
changing urban environments
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1urbanisationthe increase in the proportion of people living in cities, resulting in their growth.
- 2rural-to-urban migrationmoving home from a rural area to settle into a city.
- 3natural increase (NI)when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.
- 4push factorsthe negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away.
- 5pull factorsthe attractions and opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there.
- 6landusethe type of buildings or other features that are found in the area, e.g terraced housing, banks, industrial estates, roads, parks.
- 7functionthe purpose of a particular area, e.g for residential use, recreation or shopping.
- 8Central Business District (CBD)the main shopping and service area in a city. the CBD is usually found in the middle of a city so that it is easily accessible.
- 9inner citythe area around the CBD- usually built before 1918 in the UK.
- 10outer city or suburbsthe area on the edge of a city. many suburbs were built after 1945 and get newer as they reach the edge of the city.
- 11brownfield sitesland that has been built on before and is to be cleared and reused. these sites are often in the inner city.
- 12greenfield sitesland that has not been built on before, usually in the countryside on the edge of the built up area.
- 13Urban Development Corporations (UDCs)set up in the 1980s and 1990s using public funding to buy land and improve inner areas of cities, partly by attracting private investment.
- 14city challengea strategy in which local authorities had to design a scheme and submit a bid for funding, competing against other councils. they also had to become part of a partnership involving the local community and private companies who would fund part of the development.
- 15sustainable communitycommunity (offering housing, employment and recreation opportunities) that is broadly in balance with the environment and offers people a good quality of life.
- 16segregationoccurs where people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others from the same ethnic group, separate from other groups.
- 17informal sectorthat part of the economy where jobs are created by people to try to get an income (e.g taking in washing, mending bicycles) and which are not recognised on official figures.
- 18squatter settlementsareas of cities (usually on the outskirts) that are built by people of any materials they can find on land that does not belong to them. such settlements have different names in different parts of the world (e.g Favela in Brazil) and are often known as shanty towns.
- 19social problemsa condition in a community in which people view as being undesirable, such as certain groups of people.
- 20self-help schemessometimes known as assisted self-help (ASH), this is where local authorities help the squatter settlement residents to improve their homes by offering finance in the form of loans or grants and often installing water, sanitation, etc.
- 21site and service schemesoccurs where land is divided into individual plots and water, sanitation, electricity and basic track layout are supplied before any building by residents begins.
- 22sustainable cityan urban area where residents have a way of life that will last a long time. the environment is not damaged and the economic and social fabric, due to local involvement, are able to stand the test of time.
- 23green beltland on the edge of the built-up area, where restrictions are placed on building to prevent the outward expansion of towns and cities and to protect the natural environment.
- 24urban sprawlthe uncontrolled outward expansion of the built-up area of a town or city.
- 25recyclingcollection and subsequent reprocessing of products such as paper, aluminium cans, plastic containers and mobile phones, instead of throwing them away.
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- International GCSE geography (changing urban environments) Flashcards on changing urban environments, created by kim hoper on 27/12/2014.
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- kim hoper
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