Flashcards
Nuclear Energy
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1—-radiation from an atoms nucleus
-detected by a Geiger counter
-intensity depends on number of photons arriving and how much energy each one carries
- 2—-activity is number of nuclei decaying per second
-1Bq = 1 decay per sec
A=no disintegrstions ÷ time
- 3—the atom
-isotopes have different numbers of nuetrons
-many isotopes are unstable and emit radiation
-nucleons are collective term for p and n
- 4—remember this shit
-element is called nuclide
- 5—-strong force
-binds nucleus together
(protons and nuetrons)
-range is infinite
- 6—-weak force
-between p and n
-radioactive decay
- 7—-gravatational force
-acts between anything with matter
-infinite range
- 8—-electrostatic force
-binds atoms
-between e and p
- 9—-too large so strong force cant overcome electrostatic repulsion(everything over 82)
-or too few or too many nuetrons
-can be measured on band of stability
- 10—-3 decay series patterns
-uranium, actinium and thorium
-all in in Pb
- 11—-ultraviolet to gamma is ionising (e knocked off)
-causes DNA damage
- 12—-helium nucleus with 2+ charge
-low penetrating and highly ionising
-stopped by air or paper
-forms a new element
- 13—-high energy electron with antinuetrino
-1 charge
-medium penetrating an ionising
-forms new element
-stopped by thin aluminium
-nuetron to proton change
- 14—-high energy positron with nuetrino
+1 cahrge
-all else same as beta minus
-proton to nuetron change
- 15—-electromagnetic radiation often emitted with alpha or beta
-0 charge
-high penetrating and low ionising
-lead sheet stops
-not deflected in fields
- 16—-critical mass is amount of fissile (U-235) material in a sphere needed to sustain a chain reaction
-supercritical makes explosion: small surface area to volume ratio, nuetrons cant escape
- 17—-time taken for half of the nuclei to decay
-number of half lives undergone= time/half life
- 18—-binding energy (per nucleon)
-energy required to separate p and n and overcome the strong force
-higher binding energy per nucleon = most stable nucleus
- 19—-joining to form a nucleus
-solar energy and stars
-no waste
-occurs in smaller atoms
-needs lots of energy to initiate
- 20—-splitting the nucleus
-reactors and bombs
-radioactive waste
-in bigger atoms
-has chain reactions
- 21—-Einstien's special theory of relativity
-energy released results from the conversion of the strong force (which appears as mass in an intact nucleus) into binding energy as some of the nucleons are separated
-causes mass defect
-e=mc^2 J
-e=m x 931 MeV
- 22—-mass defect
-loss of mass when protons and nuetrons join (binding energy conversion)
-product sum - reactants
-amu or kg
- 23—-radiation energy absorbed per kg of tissue
-E/m in Gy
- 24—-1 Sv of any rad type has the same biological effect
1-10 scale for symptoms
= absorbed dose x quality factor
- 25—-quality factors
-cell damage in comparison to an equal dose of gamma rays
- 26—-safety includes:
regulations, distance, shielding, time
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- Western Australian Certificate of Education Physics Flashcards on Nuclear Energy , created by Eleanor Barnett on 28/05/2019.
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- Eleanor Barnett
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