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- 1ATOMIC STRUCTUREAtoms consist of electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons, neutrons are neutral but protons and neutrons are electrically charged, + and - so they cancel each other out.
- 2ATOMIC STRUCTUREThe number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. In the periodic table atoms are arranged in atomic number order. Electrons are arranged in energy levels or shells, and different energy levels can hold different numbers of electrons. The electronic structure of an atom is a description of how the electrons are arranged, which can be shown in a diagram or by numbers. There is a link between the position of an element in the periodic table and its electronic structure.
- 3ATOMIC STRUCTUREThe nucleus is in the center of the atom and the atom has shells all around the atom that contain electrons constantly whizzing around the nucleus.
- 4ATOMIC STRUCTUREThe total number of electrons in an atom is always the same as the number of protons in the nucleus. This means atoms have no overall electrical charge.
- 5ATOMIC STRUCTUREElectrons are arranged in different shells around the nucleus. The innermost shell - or lowest energy level - is filled first. Each succeeding shell can only hold a certain number of electrons before it becomes full. The innermost shell can hold a maximum of two electrons, the second shell a maximum of eight, and so on.
- 6ATOMIC STRUCTUREA lithium atom, for example, has three electrons. Two are in the first eshell, and one in the second.
A carbon atom has six electrons. Two are in the first shell, and four in the second shell. - 7BONDINGIons are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. They have the same electronic structures as noble gases.
Metal atoms form positive ions, while non-metal atoms form negative ions. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions are called ionic bonds. - 8BONDINGIons are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. This loss or gain leaves a complete highest energy level, so the electronic structure of an ion is the same as that of a noble gas - such as a helium, neon or argon.
- 9BONDINGWhen metals react with non-metals, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms, forming ions. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound.
- 10BONDINGThere is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between these oppositely charged ions, called an ionic bond.
- 11BONDINGA covalent bond is a strong bond between two non-metal atoms. It consists of a shared pair of electrons. A covalent bond can be represented by a straight line or dot-and-cross diagram.
- 12ISOTOPEAn isotope is an element with the same atomic number but with a different number of neutrons, for example chlorine has Cl35 or Cl37.5
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by aman.shahid on 05/01/2015.
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