Flashcards
Topic 7
Cards in this deck (53)
- 1Processora device that carries out computation on data by following instructions, in order to produce an output
- 2Main memorystores data and instructions that will be used by the processor
- 3Fetch-execute cyclethe continuous process carried out by the processor when running programs
- 4Random Access Memorystores data and can be read to and written from
- 5Chipan electronic component contained within a thin slice of silicon
- 6Read only memorystores data and can be read from, but not written to
- 7Busmicroscopic parallel wires that transmit data between internal components
- 8Data Bustransfers data between the processor and memory
- 9Input/Output Controllercontrols the flow of information between the processor and the input and output devices
- 10System BusThis comprises the control, data and address buses
- 11Word Lengththe number of bits that can be addressed, transferred or manipulated as 1 unit
- 12Address busused to specify a physical address in memory so that the data bus can access it
- 13Addressable memorythe concept that data and instructions are stored in memory using discrete addresses
- 14Control buscontrols the flow of data between the processor and other parts of the computer
- 15Von Neumann architecturea technique for building a processor where data and instructions are stored in the same memory and accessed by buses
- 16Harvard architecturea technique for building a processor that uses separate buses and memory for data and instructions
- 17Stored program conceptthe idea that instructions and data are stored together in memory
- 18Control unitpart of the processor that manages the execution of instructions
- 19Registera small section of temporary storage that is part of the processor. Stores data or control instructions during the fetch decode and execute cycle
- 20Status Registerkeeps track of the various functions of the computer such as if the result of the last calculation was positive or negative
- 21Interrupt registerstores details of incoming interrupts
- 22Current Instruction Registerregister that stores the instructions that the CPU is currently decoding/executing
- 23Program Counterregister that stores the address of the next instruction to be taken from main memory into the processor
- 24Memory Buffer Registerregister that holds data that is either written to or copied from the CPU
- 25Memory Address Registerregister that stores the location of the address that data is either written to or copied from by the processor
- 26Bus Widththe number of bits that can be sent down a bus in one go
- 27Multi-corea chip with more than 1 processor
- 28Cachea high speed temporary area of memory
- 29Interrupta signal sent by a device or program to the processor requesting its attention
- 30Interrupt service routinecalls the routine required to handle the interrupt
- 31Prioritiesa method for assigning importance to interrupts in order to process them in the right order
- 32Vectored interrupt mechanisma method of handling interrupts by pointing to the first memory address of the instructions needed
- 33Instruction setthe patterns of 0 and 1s that a particular processor recognises as commands, along with their associated meanings
- 34Opcodean operation code or instruction used in assembly language
- 35Operanda value or memory address that forms part of an assembly language instruction
- 36Addressing modethe way in which the operand is interpreted
- 37Direct addressthe operand is the data
- 38immediate addressthe operand is the memory address or register number
- 39Data transfer operationsoperations within an instruction set that move data around between the registers and memory
- 40Arithmetic operationsoperations within an instruction set that perform basic maths, such as add and subtract
- 41Shift instructionsoperations within an instruction set that move bits within a register
- 42Logical operationsoperations within an instruction set that move the bits around within the operand
- 43Branch Operationsoperations within an instruction set that allow you to move from one part of the program to another
- 44Digital cameraa device for creating digital images of photographs which can be printed or transferred onto a computer to be manipulated and stored
- 45Charge coupled devicein digital cameras it is a sensor that records the amount of light received and convertsit into a digital value
- 46RGB filterred, green and blue filters that light passes through in order to create other colours
- 47Barcode readera device that uses lasers or LEDs to read the black and white lines of a barcode
- 48Radio frequency identificationa microscopic device that stores data and transmits it using radio waves usually used in tags to track items
- 49Laser Printera device that uses lasers and toner to create mono and colour prints
- 50Hard diska secondary storage device made up of metallic disks that stores data magnetically
- 51Controllerin SSDs a controller is needed to organise data into blocks for storage purposes
- 52Blockin data storage it is the concept of storing data into set groups of bits and bytes of a fixed length
- 53Floating gate transistorin SSDs it is a type of non-volatile transistor that stores data even without a power source
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- Computing New Flashcards on Topic 7, created by Sam Carvell on 07/06/2019.
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- Sam Carvell
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