Flashcards
GCSE ICT
Cards in this deck (31)
- 1Cameras and Camcorders 1 -Zoom in using optical or digital zoom -view images/videos immediately on LCD screen -HD -download files to a computer using USB or Bluetooth -store files with SD and micro SD cards -crop and edit files using inbuilt software -view files on TV using USB or HSMI portsResolution
-Images ate made up of pixels. A ixel is a tiny point in an image. A megapixel is one million pixels
-Generally, the more pixels, the more detailed the image so the more the image can be enlarged
-The more pixels in an image, the larger the file size. - 2Cameras and camcorders 2 GPS Receiver: -Some cameras have a GPS receiever so that the geographical coordinates can be stored in the metadata: the small text file stored with each image giving its details. Users can used the coordinates to see on Google Maps and Google Earth exactly where the image was taken.Wi-Fi:
Mnay compact digital cameras now have Wi-Fi connectivity in addition to cable and bluetooth. Users can email their images or upload them to online albums and social networking sites without thhe need to download the images to a computer first. - 3Personal camcorders: To compete with other devices, small, high specification personal camcorders are available. These are cheap, have a better specification than smartphones and can be used to record high definition videos. Some have Wi-Fi to allow you to directly upload the videos to internet sites.
- 4Media players 1 -Small,light and easy to carry -Use solid state memory so that songs don't 'skip' when jolted -Hold a lot of media -Can set playlists -Can lock to prevent accidental activation -Simple interface Audio:MP3 and WMA Still images: JPEG, GIF and PNG Video:MPEG-4 and WMVSecurity features:
-Locks automatically
-Uses antivirus software
-Hard reset feature (can delete all data at once if in fear of someone selling it)
-Remote management (deactivation) allows you t deactivate the device remotely if it is stolen
-Encrypts data to prevent other people accessing it
-Backup features allow users to back up their data to a computer
-Hides the bluetooth/wireless sharing to stop users accessing files on the device. - 5Media players 2 Digital Rights Management (DRM): -DRM software prevents you from making copies of audio and video files you have downloaded. -The DRM software also prevents you from transferring to other digital device you own. -DRM prevents copyright problemsConnectivity:
Wireless transfer using -
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Infrared
HDMI port allows users to view HD movies on TV through HDMI cable
USB port allows transfer of files at up to 5 Gigabits per sec with USB 3.0 cable - 6Advantages of streaming video -Saves time. A user doesn't have to wait to download a file to play it. Instead, the media is sent in a continuous stream of data and is played as it arrives by the software on the media players -Uses less storage spaceDisadvantages of streaming
-Cannot keep a local copy for viewing offline
-Limited availability for some streamed video
-User experience is dependant on connection quality - 7Home networks Local area network(LAN) -To create a home network you need to set up a LAN. This connects all the computers in the house so that resources can be shared. Benefits include: -sharing the internet connection -sharing files, including backing up files -sharing peripherals, for e.g printers -internet telephone servicesRouters
Connecting to the internet form a home network requires a router. The router connects all of the computers to the modem by giving them an internal IP address so that it 'knows' where to send the data. Most internet service providers will give you a modem and router combined. - 8Cable connection to router Setting up:cables have to be run from the router to all rooms in the house (B) Cost:installation is expensive (B) Bandwidth: very fast: 1 Gigabit per second & NICSs are very cheap (G) Security: a user would need to physically plug their computer into the network with a cable (G) Interference:Should not experience interference (G) Mobility:Has to be plugged in (B)Wireless connection to the router
Setting up: All you need is a wireless router (G)
Cost:Cheaper:only the cost of the router (G)
Bandwidth: slower: 54 Megabits per second (B)
Security: poor: anyone within range can use it unless kept secure with password (B)
Interference: Can be effected by walls, electronic equipment, distance form router and number of computers connected (B)
Mobility: you can access it anywhere in the house (G) - 9Communication protocols 1 VOIP: -is the set of rules transmitting audio messages over the internet.The rules enable you to make free voice calls form your computer (good for travelling) -if you use a webcam as well, then you can make video calls -you can even use VOIP from a smartphone
- 10POP3, IMAP and SMTP are all communication protocols used when sending and receiving emails
- 11Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used when email is sent from the sender's email client, for example Outlook, to the sender's email server and when the email is delivered to the recipient's email server.
- 12If the recipient uses Post Office Protocol (POP or POP3) to read the email, the server will download the email to the computer. The email is then deleted from the server and can be read offline.If the recipient uses Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the email is read on the mail server. The email is not deleted from the server and can be accessed anywhere using any computer with an internet connection.
- 13Combining technologies Communications technologies working together -The mobile phone and the laptop above are compatible because they both use USB ports, and can communicate via WI-FI or Bluetooth technology. So you could use the camera on the mobile phone to take a photograph, transfer it to a memory stick and then send via Ethernet cable.Phone
+GSM-4G
+Wi-Fi
+Mini USB port
+Bluetooth
Laptop
+Wi-Fi
+USB port
+Firewire port
+Bluetooth
+Ethernet port - 14Bandwidth and latency Bandwidth: measurement of delay -Bandwidth is the number of bits that can go through the network connection in 1 second. It is measured in bits per second (bps).-1Kbps means 1 thousand bits can be transmitted every second
-1Mbps means 1 billion bits can be transmitted every second - 15Latency: Measurement of delay -Latency is the time in milliseconds between a bit leaving one device and arriving at the other. It is measured in milliseconds (ms).User experience
-For streaming videos from YouTube you need a high bandwidth network connection, otherwise the video will keep pausing as your computer waits for more bits to arrive.
-To get quick search results from Google you need a low latency network connection. Information is travelling in both directions so it needs to arrive quickly. - 16Wi-Fi and mobile broadband Wi-Fi Wi-Fi devices need to be within range of a wireless access point or 'hotspot' -Good range=works up to 60 metres from the hotspot -Speeds of up to 54 Mbps -Quite widely available -Hackers sometimes set up fake Wi-Fi hotspots putting user details at risk -Cannot use if not in range of an access point.Mobile broadband
-Far greater coverage than Wi-Fi
-More secure than Wi-Fi-data is encrypted
-Have to pay for mobile broadband, including roaming charges if you are abroad.
-Downloads limited
-Lower bandwidth - 17Peer-to-peer networks Bluetooth Another way of establishing a peer-to-peer network is to use Bluetooth. -Allows devices to communicate automatically when within range -Can connect up to eight devices at the same time -Low power so does not interfere with other devices.In the past..
-Devices communicated with each other through a transmitter: a wireless access point when using Wi-Fi and a mobile phone mast when using mobile broadband. - 18Online communities 1)Social networking-public social networks e.g. Facebook 2)Webmail 3)Virtual Learning Environment e.g. a school VLE 4)Virtual worlds 5)User-generated reference and social bookmarking sites e.g. Delicious -Forums/message boards -Wikis e.g. Wikipedia 6)Online work spaces-web conferencing e.g. Adobe Connect 6)Blogs-Micro blogs e.g. TwitterEach type of online community has different:
-functions-the reasons for the online community
-features-the things users can do in that social community
-target audiences-the types of people at which the online community is aimed. - 19Identify -Users have a social presence in the online communities (which means how that person is represented online). Your social presence is developed as you contribute online to the online community.
- 20Online workspaces and VLEs -Online workspaces provide an online community for a group of people who work together, whereas Virtual Learning Environment (VLEs) provide an online community for a group of people who learn together. Online workspaces -Online workspaces provide a virtual space for people who work together to meet, share files and work collaboratively online.-
- 21VLEs Function: -Provide information to help students learn, for example access to additional notes and homework in school or remotely from home as long as they have an internet connection. -Allow teachers to work collaboratively to create high quality videos.Features:
-Timetable/news for staff and students
-Marking tools for teachers
-Email and chat communication
-students, teachers and parents can track progress and data such as test marks
-Personalisation for individual students
-interactive polls and questionnaires
-facility for students to contribute to blogs and personalise their own space. - 22Impact on working practices Advantages: -Many workers new telecommute and work from home. You no longer have to live close to where you work. -Cloud computing allows workers to access documents from anywhere they get internet access -Decisions can be made more effectively through an online workspace as everyone can see and agree changes to a document at the same time. -Employers can check social networks to research potential employeesDisadvantage of working practises
-People may avoid face-to-face contact, for example emailing someone a few desks away.
-Some employees may feel pressured to work when away from the office
-Workers without internet access may be left out of making important decisions
-Some employees have been disciplined for defamatory posts on social networks because such posting is considered to be the same thing as publishing in a newspaper. - 23Socialising and responsible use -social networking, microblogging, online games, chat rooms, VOIP, emails and virtual worlds -websites such as 'Friends Reunited' allow people to find and get in touch with old friends -online dating is becoming more popularAdvantages & Disadvantages
-Easy way for people to keep in contact
-Easy translations between languages
-Available 24/7/365
-Need an internet connection to keep in touch
-people can pretend to be someone they're not
-People spend less time with real friends - 24Security issues 1)Bluejacking is the process of sending unwanted message to open Bluetooth connections 2)Physical threats such as theft, flooding, fire and accidental damage 3)Viruses are designed to be harmful to digital devices and to spread easily over networks. 4)Storing passwords and other important information in cookies makes it easier for others to gain access to your accounts 5)Unsecured wireless networks let other users easily see and use your wireless network 6)Phishing 'cons' people into believing that an email or text is from a valid organisation so that they give away their username and passwords 7)Hackers try and get access to data without permission1)Keep Bluetooth switched off when not in use
2)Keep computers in locked room and back up the data
3)Keep Bluetooth switched off when not in use
4)Know how to delete and manage cookies using options in the browser
5)Secure wireless networks using a password and encrypt data travelling over the network
6)You need to be able to identify phishing
7)Use firewalls, passwords and encrypt the information travelling across networks - 25Privacy issues 1)Social networking sites keep track of all interactions and save them so they can be used later: 2)You may be tricked into downloading spyware, allowing others to spy on the information on your computer 3)Hackers gain unauthorised access to your digital devices and access your personal information 4)identify theft involves someone pretending to be another person by collecting information about their ideas 5)Cookies are small text files stored on your computer and they can store your browsing habits and frequently visited websites. This can help with advertising relevant products, but may be seen as a privacy issue 6)People may post photographs online and add a tag to link names or other information with the photograph. This is considered and invasion of privacy 7)Search engines record information about your searches including your location, the time you spend and the searches you make1)Know how to use the privacy settings. Be aware of how much (and what type of) personal information you share offline.
2)Use up-to-date antispyware software
3)Use firewalls, passwords and encrypt information sent across networks
4)Keep all personal information safe
5)Know how to delete and manage cookies
6) Educate friends about the risks and express your preferences to them
7)Sign out of relevant accounts, especially on public computers - 26Monitoring movements and communications -When we travel abroad our passports are scanned and our movements in and out of different countries are monitored -Geolocation information from GPS-enabled devices can track your position -Mobile phone companies can track your movements as you move from base station.Phone companies also know who we have been in phone/SMS contact with -Your computer's IP address provides clues to search engines and social networking sites about your geographical location -The use of credit/debit cards allow the banks to know when, where and how much money you spend-Companies providing email services know who you send emails to
-Social networking sites store a rich source of information about our movements and communications. Geotagging from photographs posted online can be used to monitor your movements
-Playing online games means information about who you are laying with is being monitored - 27The impact of networks Work -Teleworking -Work easily with people all over the world -Location of office is less important -Office/home networks allow users to share resources to a range of resources -Research for projects online Shopping -Rapid access -Round-the-clock availability -No need to leave house -Research purchases more easiyCommunication
-Socialising with people all around the world, 24/7
-Over the use of social networking sites
-Rapid spread of news
Creativity
-Crowd sourcing (people are collecting news and contributing content to websites)
-People become content generators for websites, for example Youtube, Wikipedia and Udraw - 28Legislation relating to the use of ICT 1) The data protection act (DPA) protects us against misuse of our personal data that may be held by a range of organisations, for example shops, schools and businesses. These organisations must ensure that our personal data is: -processed fairly and lawfully -obtained for specified purposes -adequate, relevant and no excessive -accurate and up to date -not kept longer than necessary -processed respecting the rights of people -kept secure -not transferred outside Europe2) The computer Misuse Act covers the misuse of computer equipment and illegal access to files. This makes the following illegal and punishable by fines or imprisonment
-software piracy (copying and distributing software illegally)
-planting viruses
-hacking
-fraud - 293)The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act makes it a criminal offence to copy or steal media or other people's work or idea. For example, it is illegal to: -copy or distribute media without a proper license or the copyright owner's permission -use purchased media on more computers than you have licenses for.4)The Data Economy Act stops people illegally downloading media. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can collect data about repeat offenders. If offenders continue downloading then their internet access can be slowed or suspended
- 30Safe and responsible practice Bad -Computer equipment emits heat -Harmful bacteria can live on the surfaces -Incorrect use and positioning of equipment can cause health problems -Use of computer equipment can cause eye strain -Split drinks can cause an electric shock or damage your computer -Digital devices can overheat and become a fire hazard.Solutions
-Keep the room well ventilated
-Keep the computer and work surfaces clean
-Use ergonomically-designed equipment and take breaks/change position regularly
-Keep the room well lit and take regular screen breaks
-Keep food and drink away from equipment
-Fit smoke detectors and fire extinguishers and do not overload electrical sockets - 31Sustainability issues in ICT 1)E-waste -Old computer equipment ends up as electronic waste that goes to landfill sites -More developed countries are now sending e-waste too less developed countries 2)Pollution -Toxic substances from e-waste can get into the soil and water supplies -All digital devices use electricity. Large computers need even more electricity to keep them cool. The traditional generation of electricity produces greenhouse gases that can cause global warming 3)Finite resources -Some of the elements used to create digital devices are in short supply so will run out one day -Electricity often comes from non-renewable resources such as coal and oil (fossil fuels), which will also run out in the future.How to increase sustainability
1)Recycle
-Recycle or reuse old digital devices
-Donate unwanted digital devices to organisations who provide computers to poorer countries.
-Companies will now buy your unwanted digital devices from you so they are re-used
-Some companies are now taking apart electronic waste and selling the parts
2)Reduce your impact
-Use digital devices for as long as possible before replacing
-Switch off digital devices when they are not in use and when batteries are charged
-Use devices that have a sleep mode when not in use
3)Renewable energy
-Companies who run large servers are now locating to locations with cool climates and cheap sustainable electricity.
-Technology companies are starting to offer solar-powered devices
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- Flashcards on GCSE ICT, created by bneale on 07/01/2015.
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