Flashcards
Psychology - Memory
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1What is duration in terms of memory?How long a memory lasts before it is no longer available
- 2What did Peterson and Peterson (1959) find in their study of STM?- They conducted a landmark study which found participants remembered 90% when 3 second interval and only 2% when 18 seconds. This suggests when rehearsal is prevented, STM lasts about 20 seconds.
- STM has limited duration - 3What did Bahrick et al (1975) find about the duration of LTM?They found the material to be remembered was more meaningful to the participants therefore duration of long-term memories was better.
- Relatively permanent LTM - 4What can be used to test the capacity of STM?Digit span
- 5Who found the average span for digits was 9.3 items?Joseph Jacobs
- 6What number did George Miller conclude the span of immediate memory is?7
- 7What is acoustic encoding?It involves coding information in terms of the way it sounds.
- 8What is semantic encoding?It involves coding information in terms of its meaning.
- 9Who tested the effects of acoustic and semantic similarity on short and long term recall?Baddeley
- 10What are the four main parts of the Working Memory Model?- Central executive
- Episodic Buffer
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad
- Phonological loop ( phonological store + articulatory process) - 11What is the central executive in the working memory model?It controls it. It decides which information is attended to and which parts of the working memory to send that information to be dealt with.
- 12What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad in the working memory model?It deals with what information looks like and how it is laid out.
- 13What is the phonological loop?It deals with auditory information and preserves the order of information.
The articulatory process (inner voice) rehearses acoustic information from the phonological store (inner ear). - 14What is the episodic buffer in the working memory model?It is an extra storage system with limited capacity.
It integrates information from the central executive, phonological loop, visa-spatial sketch pad and from long-term memory. - 15Who described the multi-store model of memory?Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
- 16What are the main components of the multi-store model of memory?- Sensory memory
- Short-term memory
- Maintenance rehearsal
- Information retrieval
- Long-term memory - 17What has research shown about age and how it can affect accuracy of EWT?Research has shown that young children and older adults are generally less accurate in their EWT than teenagers and young adults.
- 18What did Parker and Carranza (1989) find about age in EWT?They compared primary school children and college students in their ability to correctly identify a target individual following a slide sequence of a mock crime. Young children were more likely to identify a suspect after viewing a mock crime but were frequently inaccurate.
- 19What did Memon et al (2003) study?They studied the accuracy of young and older eyewitnesses and the effects of delay.
- 20What did Memon et al find from their study?When the interval between an incident and testing was was short, there was no difference in the accuracy of recall between teenagers and older adults. When the identification task was delayed by a week, the older witnesses were less accurate.
- 21What did Yarmey do to see if there are age differences in accuracy?Yarmey stopped 651 adults in public places and asked them to recall physical characteristics of a young woman which they had spoken to for 15 seconds 2 minutes before.
- 22What did Yarmey conclude from this study?Yarmey found young adults were more confident in the accuracy of their recall than older adults. There were significant differences in the accuracy of recall. The oldest group were inferior to other groups in terms of accuracy.
- 23What did Anastasi and Rhodes find about own-age bias?They found that young and middle aged participants were more accurate. They also found all age groups were more accurate identifying from their own age group.
- 24What are the main techniques used in a cognitive interview?-Report everything
-Mental reinstatement of original context
-Changing the order
- Changing the perspective - 25Who developed the cognitive interview technique?Fisher and Geiselman (1992)
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- Flashcards on Psychology - Memory, created by Millie Blemkin on 18/01/2015.
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- Millie Blemkin
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