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Anthropology Flashcards

itzel.jm ANTH CHEM English 62 cards

Anthropology Flashcards

Cards in this deck (62)

  1. 1What is evolution?A change in inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.What is evolution?
  2. 2What is a continuous proof that evolution is happening?The appearance of a new species
  3. 3What are three levels of biological organization?Species, individuals and molecules (DNA, proteins)
  4. 4What is MACRO evolution?changes after many generations (e.g. speciation)
  5. 5What is MICRO evolution?small genetic changes that occur within a species
  6. 6Evolution is a theory that?-is supported by vast/ever-growing body of evidence
    -has been thoroughly tested
    -never been falsified
    -has been confirmed by emerging genetic evidence
    -has stood test of time
    -is a scientific fact, subject to continuing refinement
  7. 7Pre-Darwinian Western world view First stage1.STASIS
    2.Fixity of Species (Christianity)
    3.Great Chain (Aristotle)
  8. 8What does Fixity of species (Christianity) mean?means all life forms were created by God exactly as the exist in the present
  9. 9What does Great Chain of Being mean?all life forms can be places in a hierarchy from simple to complex with humans at the top
  10. 10What does this represent?The great chain of beingWhat does this represent?
  11. 11What component does the Pre-Darwinian western world view, Second stage has?2.EARTH IS YOUNG
  12. 12On the 2nd Stage of Pre-Darwinian western world view, which character was involve? and how did he contribute?Archbishop James Ussher (1581-1656) who analyzed Genesis and estimated that the Earth began Sunday, October 23rd, 4004 B.C.
  13. 13Where does life comes from claim by Aristotle Life as a ""? and means?Life as a "SPONTANEOUS GENERATION"
    The Aristotelian "abiogenesis"
    which means that life comes from inanimate matter    Where does life comes from claim by Aristotle Life as a ""? and means?
  14. 14What changes did the scientific revolution brought?-change our thinking about the world and its inhabitants
    -scientific method developed, including experimentation
    -discovery of North and South America, challenged fundamental views about the planet
    -increased biological awareness due to discovery of new plants & animals
  15. 15Which characters were involved in the scientific revolution (chronological order) ?1.COPERNICUS(1473-1543)
    2.GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)
    3. FRANCESCO REDI (1626-1697)
    4. CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707-1778)
    5. GEORGES-LOUIS LECREC, COMTE DE BUFFON(1707-1788)
    6.GEORGES CUVIER (1769-1832)
  16. 16HOW DID COPERNICUS CONTRIBUTED TO THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION? WHERE IS HE FROM?POLISH MATHEMATICIAN
    HELIOCENTRIC HYPOTHESIS : CELESTIAL BODIES ORBIT AROUND THE SUN    HOW DID COPERNICUS CONTRIBUTED TO THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION? WHERE IS HE FROM?
  17. 17WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE DIAGRAM?COPERNICAN HELIOCENTRIC THEORY DIAGRAMWHAT IS THE NAME OF THE DIAGRAM?
  18. 18IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHICAL IMPLICATIONS MADE BY COPERNICUS-THE EARTH AS NO LONGER THE CENTER FROM WHICH THE HEAVENS REVOLVE AROUND
    - HUMANS NO LONGER FOCAL POINT OF THE UNIVERSE
  19. 19WHERE IS GALILEO GALILEI FROM? ALSO CALLED? IMPORTANCE IN SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION?ITALIAN PHILOSOPHER, ASTRONOMER, PHYSICIST.
    -"FATHER OF MODERN ASTRONOMY"
    -SUPPORTED COPERNICUS
    -UNIVERSE AS A PLACE OF MOTION
    -DISCOVERIES RELATED TO PLANETS MOONS AND STARS
    -PLACED UNDER HOUSE ARREST FOR IDEAS
  20. 20"FATHER OF MODERN ASTRONOMY" ?GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642)"FATHER OF MODERN ASTRONOMY" ?
  21. 21FRANCESCO REDI IS FROM? EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATE THAT?ITALIAN NATURALIST (1626-1697)
    EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATED THAT LIFE COMES FROM LIVING MATTER    FRANCESCO REDI IS FROM? EXPERIMENTS DEMONSTRATE THAT?
  22. 22WHOSE EXPERIMENT IS THIS? WHAT DID IT CONCLUDED?FRANCESCO REDI (1626-1697)
    1.MAGGOTS DO NOT FORM SPONTANEOUSLY ON MEAT BUT FROM EGGS OF FLIES
    2.MAGGOTS DIE WITHOUT THE MEAT    WHOSE EXPERIMENT IS THIS? WHAT DID IT CONCLUDED?
  23. 23FOR EARLIEST LIVING MATTER IT MUST HAD COME FROM ORGANIC OR INORGANIC (MATTER)?INORGANIC PREDECESSOR
  24. 24What is evolution?A change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.What is evolution?
  25. 25What is natural selection?Mechanism of evolutionary change (competition, variation in traits, and inheritance of traits)What is natural selection?
  26. 26What is adaptation?Trait shaped by natural selection for a current function in the organisms environment
  27. 27What is selection pressure?ecological and other forces that influence the reproductive success of an individual
  28. 28What is reproductive success?# of offspring one produces that reach reproductive age
    HIJOS QUE PUEDAN REPRODUCIR MAS HIJOS
  29. 29What is fitness?Individuals relative genetic contribution to the next generation
  30. 30What is the phenotype?-observable characteristics of organisms
    -same genotypes can be expressed as different phenotypes
  31. 31What is the Genotype?-Underlying genetic make/up of an organism
    -Particular combination of genes or alleles in an individual
  32. 32What is an Allele?Alternative form of gene
  33. 33A much more apt term for NATURAL SELECTION will be?"EVOLUTION BY VARIATION AND SELECTIVE RETENTION"
  34. 34What are Darwin 3 postulates?1.Struggle for existence
    2.Variation in fitness
    3.inheritance variation
  35. 35Who is Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)? where from? also know as? contributions?-swedish naturalist
    -"Father of taxonomy"
    -introduced a scheme for a hierarchical classification of living species
    -Author of SISTEMA NATURAE
  36. 36What binomial nomenclature did sistema naturae publish, e.g., H.?"GENUS SPECIES"
    E.G. HOMO SAPIENS
  37. 37THE SYSTEMA NATURAE IMPLIED THAT HUMANS WERE PART OF WHICH KINGDOM?ANIMAL KINGDOM (CONTROVERSIAL!!)
  38. 38WHO IS GEORGES-LOUIS LECLERC, COMTE DE BUFFON (107-1788)-FRENCH NAUTRALIST
    - HISTOIRE NATURELLE
    -LES EPOQUES DE LA NATURE (EARTH AGED QUESTIONED)
    -SPECIES CAN CHANGE AS CLIMATE CHANGES, BUT CANNOT GIVE RISE TO NEW SPECIES
    -PROVIDES CONTEXT, NOT MECHANISM, FOR SPECIES CHANGE
  39. 39WHAT DID THE HISTOIRE NATURELLE BY LECLERC CONTRIBUTED WITH??-DIFFERENT REGIONS HAVE DIFFERENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS DESPITE SIMILAR ENVIRONMENTS
    -SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS DEPEND ON BOTH GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
  40. 40WHAT DID THE LES EPOQUES DE LA NATURE BY LECLERC (1707-1788) QUESTIONED?QUESTIONED AGE OF EARTH
  41. 41WHERE IS GEORGES CUVIER FROM? WHICH IDEA/ TERM DID HE COINED? WHAT DID HE CONTRIBUTED WITH?-FRENCH NATURALIST
    -"CATASTROPHISM"
    -CONTRIBUTIONS TO VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
  42. 42WHAT DID GEORGES CUVIER (1769-1832) USED FOSSILS FOR?USING FOSSILS TO STABLISH EXTINCTION AS A FACT
  43. 433 POINTS ABOUT CATASTROPHISM BY GEORGES CUVIER (1769-1832) ARE?CATASTROPHISM
    1. SUDDEN & SEVERE CHANGES TO AN ENVIRONMENT CAN WIPE SPECIES OUT
    2.SPECIES FROM OTHER AREAS WILL REPOPULATE(IMMIGRATION, NOT CREATION/EVOLUTION)
    3.OPPOSED TO THE IDEA OF CHANGE IN SPECIES(EVOLUTION)
  44. 44WHO ARE DARWIN INFLUENCES (4)?1.ERASMUS DARWIN (1731-1802) (DARWINS GRANDFATHER)
    2.JEAN-BAPTISE LAMARCK (1744-1829)
    3.THOMAS MALTHUS (1766-1834)
    4. CHARLESLYELL (1797-1875)
  45. 45WHO IS ERASMUS DARWIN?CHARLES DARWIN GRANDFATHER
    PROPOSED ZOONOMIA
  46. 46WHAT DOES ZOONOMIA CONSIST IN?SPECIES MAY HAVE EVOLVED FROM COMMON ANCESTOR
  47. 47ZOONOMIA IS ALSO AN ANTICIPATED IDEA OF NATURAL SELECTION BY?ERASMUS DARWIN (1731-1802)
  48. 48WHO LACKED CONVINCING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRANSMUTATION OF SPECIES?ERASMUS DARWIN (1731-1802)
  49. 49WHAT ARE JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK MAIN IDEAS? -HE ADVOCATE FOR? -THOUGHT OF ENVIRONMENT & ANIMALS.. -CHANGES, & OFFSRPING??-EARLY ADVOCATE OF EVOLUTION OF SPECIES
    -AS ENVIRONMENT CHANGES, ANIMALS CHANGE THROUGH USE/DISUSE OF STRUCTURES
    -ACQUIRED CHANGES ARE PASSED ONTO OFFSPRING
  50. 50—CLASSIC LAMARCKIAN EXAMPLECLASSIC LAMARCKIAN EXAMPLE
  51. 51JEAN-BAPTISE LAMARCK DESERVES CREDIT FOR? BUT WHAT WAS INCORRECT IN HIS STUDIES?-CREDIT FOR EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, COMPLETE WITH MECHANISM
    -MECHANISM WAS INCORRECT
  52. 52WHO IS THOMAS MALTHUS?POLITICAL ECONOMIST / DEMOGRAPHER
    ESSAY ON PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION
  53. 53THOMAS MALTHUS(1766-1834) POPULATION GROWTH?EXPONENTIALLY IN TIMES OF PLENTY, BUT EVENTUALLY ARE CHECKED BY FAMINES, DISEASE.ETC.
  54. 54THOMAS MALTHUS (1766-1834) SOCIAL ILLS CAUSED BY(2)?-THE OVERPRODUCTION OF CHILDREN
    -MORAL IRRESPONSIBILITY OF "LOWER CLASSES"
  55. 55WHAT IS MALTHUS IMPACT ON BIOLOGY? 2 IDEASOVERPRODUCTION
    COMPETITION
  56. 56WHAT DOES OVERPRODUCTION BY THOMAS MALTHUS REFERS TO?POPULATIONS PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING THAN WHAT CAN SURVIVE
  57. 57WHAT DOES COMPETITION BY THOMAS MALTHUS REFERS TO?COMPETITION FOR LIMITED RESOURCES
  58. 58WHAT DID CHARLES LYELL (1797-1875) CONTRIBUTED WITH? (2)-PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY
    -UNIFORMITARIANISM
  59. 59WHAT IS UNIFORMITARIANISM BY CHARLES LYELL?-SMALL PROCESSES THAT INFLUENCE EARTH TODAY, INFLUENCED INT HE PAST
    -CHANGES TO EARTH OVER SLOW GRADUAL PROCESSES OVER VERY LONG TIME
    -SUGGESTS EARTH IS VERY OLD
  60. 60WHERE IS CHARLES DARWIN FROM?UNITED KINGDOM
  61. 61CHARLES DARWIN IDEAS OF GEOLOGY AND SPECIES, AND CHANGES?SPECIES AND GEOLOGY ARE NOT FIXED THOUGH TIME
    SLOW CHANGES OVER TIME
  62. 62WHAT ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE REMEMBERED FOR?INDEPENDENTLY DEVELOPED IDEA OF NATURAL SELECTION
    SENT DRAWING DRAFT IN 1858 BEFORE DARWIN PUBLISHED HIS OWN VERSION OF THE IDEA

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CHEM ANTH Flashcards on Anthropology Flashcards, created by itzel.jm on 23/01/2015.
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